Legal Opinion For 8th Social Studies :: essays research papers

Legal Opinion A.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I picked the side of New Jersey in the New Jersey vs. T.L.O case. The reason I picked that side is because the girl whas smoking on school grounds and she was not allowed to do that. Another reason is the teacher that found the girl smoking had the right to bring her to the Principals office, because she had a reason to. Finally the girl denied smoking, she said she didn’t smoke and she probably would of got in less trouble if she told the truth. B.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A girl was caught smoking in a shcool bathroom. A teacher caught her and took her to the Principals office to be searched. The vice-principal found more than just cigarettes, they also found rolling papers, marijuana, a pipe, a large amount of cash, and an index card with a list of student names and amounts of money owed to her. The Juvenille Court prosecuted T.L.O for drug dealing. T.L.O ploted that the search was unconstitutional and was breaking her rights under the 4th amendment. Juvenille Court still thought that it was alright to search her bag because the school had a suspicious reason for commiting a crime. The case then went to the Supreme Court, they ruled that the school by any means had the right to search T.L.O C.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The New Jersey High School had the right to search T.L.O. The Fourth Amendment say’s that nobody has the right to search someone for no reason unless there is a probable cause. For that means the school had no reason to search the girl. The law for searching in a school is different. You are allowed to search only if you have a reason. For that means the school did have a reason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The school also had the right to search the girl, because a teacher found the girl smoking in the bathroom, It clearly says that smoking was not allowed on school grounds. On top of that the girl lied about smoking. That makes everything worse for the girl. The teacher found the girl smoking in the bathroom, but T.L.O denied it, in the search the Vice-President found cigarettes. That has got to mean she smokes. D.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If I were the opposing view I would think the search was wrong because there was no probable cause  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  and there was no evidence for her smoking.

Marx’ Alienation and Durkheim’s Anomie

Section one: Explain Marx ’concept of alienation. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the two concepts of alienation and anomie and to show their similarities and differences. One of the most important Marx’ theories is the concept of ‘alienation’. By the concept of alienation Marx claimed that people are using their ability to control their life under the capitalistic conditions. Created in the middle of the 19th century, it is a form of dehumanization. Marx’ theory of alienation is represented in the book Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts.For Marx, alienation depicts a ‘’socio-psychological condition describing the separation of individuals from their natural and social environments’’. (www. academia. edu) Marx typifies four main types of alienation. 1. Alienation of the worker from the product of his labor: ‘The worker places his life in the object; but now it no longer belongs to him, but to the object' (18 44b: 324); The worker cannot control the conditions in which he is working. 2. Alienation of the worker from the act of producing: ‘His labour is [†¦ not voluntary, but forced; it is forced labor  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (1844b: 326); The worker becomes a servant of what he produces. The object is not in the worker’s control and it is not his production. 3. Alienation of the worker from himself, as a producer: ‘estranged labour [†¦ ] tears away from him his species-life, his true species-objectivity' (1844b: 329); The workers are alienated from themselves. Their work takes from their humanity because they cannot realise their true humanity in creating the object they produce. 4.Alienation of the worker from other workers: ‘each man [†¦ ] regards the other in accordance with the standard and the situation in which he as a worker finds himself' (1844b: 330); The conditions of work also alienate the worker from other men. They are no longer a team of creative workers. Moreover, the conditions of their work put them in competition with each other. They should work faster and harder, they should produce more. They become an enemies rather than to be team. According to Marx, capitalism alienates people from their nature and humanity.They cannot show their potential in the communication with the others, in the connection with what they produced and in this way they cannot show them as human beings. Section two: Explain Durkheim’s concept of ‘anomie’. The French sociologist Emile Durkheim introduced the concept of anomie in his book The Division of Labor in Society, published in 1893. The term anomie means social disorder and is also used by Durkheim in his studies about suicidal behavior – in 1897 in his study on Suicide.Anomie is usually translated as normlessness, but it best understood as insufficient normative regulation. (www. brooklinsoc. org) The concept was explained as a condition where the activities of t he members in a society are no longer controlled by a norms. It refers to a ‘breakdown of the social norms’. (www. criminology. fsu. edu) Anomie refers to an environmental state where society fails to exercise adequate regulation or constraint over the goals and desires of its individual members (Durkheim, 1951: 241—276).Individuals sometimes experience alienation from values and group goals during times of fast change in the society. This leads to conflicts and dissatisfaction. Industrialization with the division of labor affiliated anomie. In the process of producing, which is repeated, workers are losing their sense to feel their role in the production. The anomic suicide is taking place when the individuals are not regulated sufficiently by the society. This kind of suicide is more likely to happen of there are times when the economy is fluctuating.As one of the important functions of a social order Durkheim pointed the social solidarity: there is defined pla ce for every individual in the world that was created and reinforced by the social values of morality, religion, and patriotism. His observation was that these strands of solidarity are stronger or weaker in different societies. But he also observed that there are some forces in the modern society that are opposite to these moral ‘strands of social cohesion’ (www. understandingsociety. blogspot. dk).In his theory of suicide, he explains differences in suicide rates across societies as the result of different levels of solidarity and its opposite, anomie. Durkheim highlights the situation of â€Å"anomie† to refer to the circumstance of individuals whose relationship to the social whole is weak. ( www. understandingsociety. blogspot. dk) Section three: How the two concepts are alike or different? The two theories are exposed by the authors as a essential problem of modernity as moving to a industrial state in Durkheim’s view and moving to a capitalist state in Marx’s view.Another important similarity between the two theories is that they both arose in the 19th century when analysing the nature of labour – Marx’s concept was based on the labour process and Durkheim’s was written with the division of labour in mind. From these topics, the authors are trying to explain a variable changes, which are taking place in the society. Marx’s concept of alienation is showing another kind of separation – separation of the person from his/her nature as a free producer and creator, and separation of the person from his/her natural sociality. www. brooklinsoc. org) Thus, the modern capitalistic society is destructive of true society. In comparison, Durkheim and Marx are diagnosing a similar feature of modernity. But in Marx is comparing the present with the future as a society, full of equal and free producers. On the other hand in Durkheim's case there is an implicit contrast between a pre-modern world in wh ich individuals have a well-defined social and moral place and the contemporary world in which these strands of solidarity are breaking down. www. brooklinsoc. org) But in each case the author is grappling with a deficiency in modernity – a lack of moral and social setting that gives the individual a basis for self-respect and sociable cooperation with others. Bibliography: Marx. Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts 1844 Durkheim. The Division of Labor in Society 1951 www. brooklinsoc. org www. understandingsociety. blogspot. dk www. academia. edu

Marketing Plan Atos - 3651 Words

Atos Strategic Marketing Plan Theo Gonzales Alicja Ignatowicz Yorkville University Marketing Strategy BUSI 2163 Paul Finlayson August 16, 2015 Table of Contents Company Background 4 Mission Statement 4 Products 4 Consumer Analysis 5 Competitive Analysis 6 Industry analysis 7 GTA – Home Market 7 Canada – Domestic Market 8 Foreign Market 9 Strategic Plan 10 Marketing Mix 12 Product 12 Price 12 Place 12 Promotion 13 Objectives and Goals 13 Short-term plan 13 Long-term marketing objectives 14 Market share and customers projections 14 Recommendations 16 References: 18 Appendix 1 20 Appendix II 21 Appendix III 22 Company†¦show more content†¦Fitness can take shape in many different forms such as walking, jogging or any other activity that can be can alone or as a family event. We want to make sure that we can provide a great product at a price that is affordable to all income streams, taking into consideration trends and shift in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings. Increased public awareness in the importance of proper footwear is also a positive factor influencing the athletic shoe industry. The target consumer markets will be the following: The multi-purpose sneaker: Most consumers aren’t shopping for specialized shoes; they want a versatile sneaker to wear on multiple occasions (Butler-Young, 2015). The aspiring athlete: Many sneaker consumers are not highly active people. Their sneaker purchase is either a realized or idealized desire to become more active. The active family: This is one of the largest target markets, which also provide the most opportunity for multiple sales, and deeper access to the communities. Competitive Analysis The athletic footwear is highly competitive on both domestic and worldwide basis. The large companies have a diversified lines of athletic and leisure footwear and they are Nike, Asics, Adidas, New Balance and Sketchers. According to Forbes publication Nike, Adidas, Puma and Asics are the key players in the global athletic footwear market, together accounting for more than 30% market share.Show MoreRelatedAustralian Tax Compliance And Laws For Individuals And Companies1021 Words   |  5 PagesForecasts/Projections †¢ Cash Flow Statements †¢ Cost Management †¢ High NetWorth Client Tax †¢ Business Structuring †¢ Investigative Analysis †¢ Fixed Asset Maintenance †¢ Superannuation Returns †¢ FBT, GST, BAS, IAS PAYG †¢ Client Relationship Management †¢ ATO Legislation Translation Qualifications Education: Studying CPA Qualification | Six papers completed with two subject left. 2012 Certificate III in Business | Navitas Workplace Solutions, Melbourne, VIC 2011 Master of Practising Accounting |Read MoreBSBMGT617A Develop and implement a business plan Essay2816 Words   |  12 PagesBusiness Plan ProFound Marketing Consultancy Sydney, Australia November 3, 2013 Table of Contents Sl# Section Page no. 1.0 Overview 3 1.1 Vision 3 1.2 Mission 3 1.3 Objectives 3 1.4 Values 3 2.0 Market Requirements Customer Profile 4 3.0 Services 5 4.0 Pricing Strategy 5 5.0 Resource Requirements 6 5.1 Financial Physical 6 5.2 Human 7 6.0 Legislative Requirements 7 7.0 Stakeholder Consultation 7 8.0 30 day Start-up Action Plan 8 9.0 Business Performance Monitoring Plan 8 9.1Read MoreVBE Assessment Detail Updated 1 1265 Words   |  6 Pagesrelevant financial statements for the virtual business you operate. 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A Brief Note On Valley Forge Military Academy College

Introduction Valley Forge Military Academy College (VFMAC) is an institution that has adapted the military model in offering studies. A military model is an arrangement that an organization uses to achieve its key goals through the application of key values that are used within the military. The adopted values include culture and the lifestyle that is practiced by the military. The military is applied as the major means through which leaning is offered. Some of the ways through which the military concepts are applied include; creation of an orderly and excellent atmosphere where learning takes place. Creation of a structured system that is efficient in carrying out studies. The system also plays a significant role in the development of various policies within the organization. Within the system, students develop a high level of responsiveness in society. That is mainly because they are offered an opportunity to practice the virtues of organization and high quality leadership skills. The skills a re of great significance once the learners get out of the school. That is mainly because they have been taught on the various aspects of becoming a responsible citizen (Speelman, 2010). The philosophy behind the establishment of Valley Forge Military Academy College is to ensure that there is an improvement in the lives of individuals through an integrated system and the general life of the groups. The education is tailored in a manner that it offers possible solutions to theShow MoreRelatedJ.D. Salinger is Holden Caulfield1666 Words   |  7 Pages Jerome David Salinger is an odd character with a colorful background. 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The Effect of Caffiene on Heart Rate - 1658 Words

TITLE: Effect of the caffeine on the heart rate OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the caffeine on the heart rate of living organisms. INTRODUCTION: * Daphnia Daphnia are small, planktonic crustaceans, between 0.2 and 5 mm in length. Daphnia are members of the order Cladocera, and are one of the several small aquatic crustaceans commonly called water fleas because of their saltatory swimming style (although fleas are insects and thus only very distantly related). They live in various aquatic environments ranging from acidic swamps to freshwater lakes, ponds, streams and rivers.In the water flea Daphnia, the single, small heart is easily visible when viewed under transmitted light under a low power†¦show more content†¦Equilibrated for 1 minute. 7) Results was recorded in a suitable format/graph. 8) The treatment was compared and the effect of each treatment on the heart rate was explained. RESULT: Concentration of Solution | The Number of Heartbeats of Daphnia | | Average heartbeats | | 0-15 s | 15-30 s | 30-45 s | 45-60 s | | Distilled Water | 69 | 68 | 65 | 65 | 66.75 | 0.1 | 70 | 74 | 62 | 65 | 67.75 | 0.2 | 73 | 74 | 77 | 77 | 75.25 | 0.3 | 77 | 78 | 74 | 73 | 75.50 | 0.4 | 76 | 80 | 74 | 73 | 75.75 | 0.5 | 89 | 80 | 77 | 75 | 80.25 | Table 1: The number of heartbeats of Daphnia based on the concentration Graph 1 : Average of heartbeats against Concentration of caffeine solution DISCUSSION: At first, distilled water was tested on Daphnia and it shows that the heartbeats was 66.75. distilled water do not have effect on Daphnia heart rate. The results present the normal heart rate of Daphnia. Then 0.1 concentration of caffeine solution was used on Daphnia by dropping 2 drops of caffeine solution on them. The average of heartbeats was 67.75. There is increasing of heart rate between distilled water and caffeine solution. Thus, we suggested that caffeine truly have effect on Daphnia. Hypothesis that we made earlier was accepted. The concentration is low that is 0.1% and cause thereShow MoreRelatedEssay On Caffeine975 Words   |  4 Pagesthe caffeine they are ingesting gives off harmful effects to their body. The answer to this isn’t as simple as it seems. Depending your weight, gender, and several other attributes, the amount of healthy caffeine you consume could be completely different. It encourages the production of adrenaline and increases the level s of neurotransmitters, which are responsible for mood changes. Along the same line with adrenaline, caffeine increases heart rate and is responsible for extreme bursts of energy.Read MoreEssay about Substance Abuse and Effects On The Human Brain2438 Words   |  10 Pagesphysiological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body† (Merriam Webster Dictionary). By this definition alone, even food can be categorized as a â€Å"drug†. For this paper I will review the main subtances of which are illegal, or under regulation by the government. Abuse as defined by Merriam Webster Dictionary is; â€Å"use (something) to bad effect or for a bad purpose; misuse.† Therefore, substance abuse is basically using drugs improperly with an intent to attain an effect of some sort;Read MorePhilip Larkin Love and Marraige4262 Words   |  18 Pageschoices. Both Larkin and Boland have a good deal to say on the topic of love and marriage, and to a certain extent, they both affirm my fears. They both agree that as time passes, love changes. However, while Larkin’s poems all seem to see time’s effect on love as destructive, Boland’s honest poetry still portrays hope for love as it is tested and proven true by time. Two poems by each poet, â€Å"Who Called Love Conquering† and â€Å"Talking in Bed† by Philip Larkin, and â€Å"Thanked Be Fortune† and â€Å"MarriageRead MoreStress And Anxiety Of Anxiety Essay3350 Words   |  14 Pages An employee having sudden attacks of anxiety would display the following symptoms: difficulty in breathing, trembling, sweating, rapid heartbeat, nausea, and numbness. A common complaint during an attack is verbalized fear of having an impending heart attack. Sometimes, an employee escapes to a place where he feels safe whenever feelings of panic overwhelm him. The root of the problem is said to be the employee s feelings of distrust. Therefore, education about the condition and communication in

Decriminalization of Marijuana Free Essays

Darnell Taylor M. Channing English 1B March 5, 2013 Decriminalization of Marijuana As I researched the internet for information about the decriminalization of marijuana, I found so much information concerning this project that it was hard putting together some thoughts. Through my research of the different topics I came to the conclusion that the ones I am writing about seem to be the most important concerning the decriminalization of marijuana. We will write a custom essay sample on Decriminalization of Marijuana or any similar topic only for you Order Now Should a person go to jail for smoking marijuana? A lot of people would say no, a person should not go to jail for smoking it. Marijuana is not a narcotic, such as heroin, or a stimulant like caffeine or tobacco, or a depressant, like alcohol. It would be easy to say marijuana is less of a threat to a person’s health than alcohol or tobacco. Marijuana became illegal on August 2, 1937 with the passage of the Marijuana Tax Act. Discrimination and racism played a big part in this because it was said that Blacks and other minorities were the majority of marijuana users. Politicians and lack of understanding of the drug is why marijuana is still illegal today. The scientific name for marijuana is cannabis. There are two main strains of marijuana and they are called Indica and Sativa. Cannabis is known in the streets, by many other names such as dank, bud, buddha, maryjane, weed, or reefer, and has been used medically since the beginning of civilization. The oldest known evidence of cannabis use comes from a tomb in the African country of Egypt, where cannabis was found in big bundles beside the tomb. In Canada, a high-level public official said the current marijuana prohibition was not working for the benefit of that country . The number of known marijuana users has grown from 55,000 to 350 million, a fact showing that prohibition of marijuana is not working. The big push for the United States to decriminalize marijuana started in the 1970’s, when almost half the states either approved it for medical use, decriminalized it, or completely legalized it. The people for decriminalization argue that legalizing cannabis would free up billions of dollars that we now use to prosecute users, pay for a large portion of law enforcement resources, and pay for large amounts of prison resources. It would reduce the income of street gangs and organized crime that grow, import, process, and sell illegal marijuana. With decriminalization and regulation it would provide large amounts of tax revenue and reduce enforcement costs, with little or no effect on how much is used. Decriminalization would lower the number of non-violent offenders in the prisons. The number of marijuana possession cases would also decline allowing less pressure on the Criminal Justice system. Decriminalization and legalization of marijuana are favored just because it is believed that a person’s rights should be respected. How a person lives his life, as long as he’s not hurting others, should be allowed. Users wouldn’t have to be scared of getting caught’ a person’s life would not be ruined for having a small amount of marijuana. A person wouldn’t lose his job because he had a little marijuana. College careers wouldn’t be ruined because of marijuana possession. The opposition also argues that cannabis on the streets today has a higher percentage of THC (the primary intoxicant), than in cannabis of an earlier time and that decriminalization will lead to more usage, more crime, and more abuse of dangerous illicit drugs. The Legal History of Marijuana in the United States: Decriminalization (1970-2000s) Check all the places that have decriminalized non-medical marijuana in the United States. Most of the states are in favor of decriminalization. They have started programs such as Drug Education or Drug Treatment in place of jail time or criminal charges for possession of small amounts of marijuana. This offense is now the lowest priority for law enforcement. In 1972, President Richard Nixon set up a committee to study marijuana use. The Commission found out that the fairness of cannabis prohibition was unclear, and that the Executive and Legislative branches had a responsibility to obey the Constitution. Even in the absence of a court ruling to do so, they did not put the study’s recommendations in action. In 1973, Oregon became the first state to decriminalize marijuana. In 1974, a Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, chaired by Senator James O. Eastland on the Marijuana-Hashish Epidemic and its impact on United States security said that evidence collected on marijuana had turned against this drug. By 1978 Alaska, California, Colorado, Mississippi, New York, Nebraska, North Carolina, and Ohio had some form of marijuana decriminalization. Certain cities and countries, especially in California, had adopted laws to further push decriminalized cannabis. When speaking against decriminalization, a 1974 study by the United States government and endorsed by then-President Ronald Reagan is being used. The results claim that in a test using monkeys, loss of brain cells was discovered. Unknown to the public was that this story was totally unfair. The monkeys were made to wear gas masks and marijuana was then pumped into their lungs non-stop for 5 minutes at a time with no fresh oxygen. It was a miracle the monkeys didn’t die and suffered only brain damage in this act of animal cruelty. Another study published in ‘The Journal of Clinical Investigation† shows that cannabis use actually stimulates cell development. It is not possible to overdose on marijuana, unlike most prescription and illegal drugs. Marijuana has yet to be proven addictive or deadly. No deaths have been linked to marijuana use. It has no known lethal dose. Health issues and family responsibilities, not legal issues, are reasons given for stopping or never starting the use of marijuana. Even the thought of it being a â€Å"gateway† drug is controversial. Research shows the real â€Å"gateway† is the illegal drug market. The â€Å"gateway† effect for marijuana could be because exposure to other illegal drugs when buying marijuana â€Å"on the streets† increases the opportunity to use other illegal drugs. Several states have taken steps about the marijuana issue by decriminalizing the possession of small amounts of the drug, reducing sanctions for amounts suitable for personal use. For marijuana that means one ounce or less. In recent history, there have been a lot of unsuccessful attempts to decriminalize cannabis. In 1974, Dr. Robert DuPont, the White House Drug Czar, began to publicly support the decriminalization of marijuana. When DuPont left government he changed his mind, seeing marijuana as a health problem and declaring â€Å"decriminalization is a bad idea†. Robert DuPont is still an active opponent of the decriminalization of marijuana. A law to legalize marijuana state-wide was put on the California Ballot in 1972. Proposition 19 was rejected by 66 percent of the votes. The Initiative reads as follows: 1. No person in the State of California, 18 years or older shall be punished, or be denied any right or privilege, by reason of such person’s planting, cultivating, harvesting, drying, processing, otherwise transporting, or possessing marijuana. 2. This provision shall in no way be construed to repeal existing legislation, or limit the enactment of future legislation, prohibiting persons under the influence of marijuana from engaging in conduct that endangers others. In Gonzales vs. Raich the courts ruled in a 6-3 decision that the Commerce Clause and the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution allowed the Federal government to ban the use of cannabis (including medical use) because Federal law is â€Å"supreme† and overrules State law. Further legalization of cannabis came in 2012 as two of three things to vote on were put on the general ballot of November 6th and were successful by wide margins. Washington’s Initiative 502 (2011) and Colorado’s Amendment 64 (2012) passed in the general election, as Oregon’s Ballot Measure 80 (2012) failed. Both of the successful measures restricted cannabis possession to adults aged 21 or over, restricted the total amount allowed and included a â€Å"DUID† (Driving under the Influence of Drugs) provision against driving under the influence of marijuana. Both specifically regulated cannabis much like hard liquor has been since the end of prohibition in the United States and avoided any changes to medical marijuana law. Initiative 502 defined marijuana based on its THC content and controlled all growth; processing and sales of marijuana based on its THC content and controlled all growth, processing and sale of marijuana under the Washington State Liquor Control Board, with restrictions against public consumption. The Colorado Measure allowed â€Å"private grows† in addition to commercial regulation. The failed Oregon law established a new State agency to regulate and tax cannabis but was less specific and allowed possession for all adults, aged 18 or older. Illegal marijuana cost taxpayers $7. 5 billion a year (enforcement, prosecution, incarceration and monitoring). It also makes growing hemp, which can be used to make cloth, paper and rope, against the law. When imported from places like Canada, Russia, and China hemp products are legal. In 1645 hemp was a cash crop in America and Europeans were growing it before that. Almost one million people a year are in trouble with the law, about marijuana. 15 billion a year goes to the â€Å"War on Marijuana†, which doesn’t look too successful. Decriminalization will reduce these numbers. There is little proof that decriminalization of marijuana use leads to an increase in marijuana use. Almost one million people a year are in trouble with the law, about marijuana. $15 billion a year goes to the â€Å"War on Marijuanaâ₠¬ , which doesn’t look too successful. Decriminalization would reduce these numbers. In January, 2011, first year Arizona Republican Legislator John Fillmore introduced House Bill 2228. This bill would decriminalize marijuana possession of 2 ounces or less to a petty offense with a penalty no more than a $100 fine, similar to the laws in Colorado and California. On January 1, 1975, Senate Bill 95 made possession of under one ounce of marijuana for non-medical use punishable by a $100 fine; tougher punishments exists for amounts of more than an ounce, possession on school grounds, or violation of marijuana laws for sales or cultivation. If the offender is under the age of 21, his or her Driver’s License may be suspended for up to one year. In Mendocino County, voters in 2000 approved Measure G, which called for the decriminalization of marijuana when used, or cultivated for personal use. Measure G passed with a 58 percent majority vote, making it the first county in the United States to declare prosecution of small-scale cannabis offenses The â€Å"lowest priority† for law enforcement. Measure G does not protect individuals who cultivate, transport, or possess marijuana for sale. Measure G was passed at the local government level making it law only in Mendocino County and does not affect existing state or federal laws. On September 30, 2010 California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed into law, S. B. 1449. A bill that decriminalizes the possession of up to one ounce of marijuana. The bill reduces simple possession from a misdemeanor to an infraction. This would eliminate the need to appear in court and would treat possession of less than 28. 5 grams like a traffic ticket, punishable by a $100 fine. Also in 2010, Proposition 19, titled the â€Å"Regulate, Control, and Tax Act 2010†, qualified for the November California Ballot. It was rejected by 54 percent of the voters. The Initiative would have legalized the recreational use of marijuana and its activities in the state of California. It would have let local governments to regulate and tax the cannabis market. In Colorado marijuana has helped the state economically with millions of dollars in revenue generated with the legalization of marijuana for adult use, regulating and taxing it the same way alcohol is regulated. Before November 6, 2012 the cities of Breckenridge and Denver, Colorado had passed Measures to make possession of up to one ounce of marijuana legal, even though possession was still a crime under tate and federal laws. Amendment 64 to the Colorado Constitution, which passed November 6, 2012, legalized recreational marijuana use under State law. In 2006 Amendment 44 was rejected by 59 percent of the voting population. Amendment 44 would have legalized possession of 28. 45 grams (approximately one ounce) or less by adults 21 or older. California is estimated to have saved a billion doll ars in a twelve year period between 1976 and1988 as a result of decriminalizing marijuana. In 2003 the United States spent $12. billion on law enforcement and court costs; and $16. 9 billion in penitentiary costs, with Alaska spending as much as $25 to $30million per year enforcing marijuana prohibition laws. There is little proof that decriminalization of marijuana use leads to an increase in marijuana use. The cost of arresting and prosecuting marijuana offenders were lower instates where possession of marijuana in small amounts had been decriminalized. In places where marijuana possession is still a criminal offense and not decriminalized, there has been an increase in marijuana use. In countries where marijuana has been decriminalized there are lower rates of drug use when compared to countries where marijuana possession in small amounts is still a criminal offense punished by jail time. In 2006, marijuana was the top cash crop in 12 states, one of the top 3 cash crops in 30 states and one of the top 5 cash crops in 39 states. United States marijuana production is estimated at $35 billion annually. Some Health Benefits of Marijuana Use Should marijuana still be illegal in the United States based on its health effects, medicinal value and costs to the country? Some people suffering from afflictions have to break the law to relieve chronic pain. 1. For asthma and the common cough – Marijuana is one of the best dilators of the bronchioles (The first passageways by which the air passes through the nose to the air sacs of the lungs). 2. For AIDS Wasting Syndrome and Eating Disorders – Where â€Å"munchies† from smoking marijuana increases the user’s appetite. 3. For Crohn’s Disease, Cancer, and Migraines – Marijuana’s pain relieving qualities help. 4. For ADD and ADHD – Besides being an alternative to Ritalin, marijuana helps without any of the Ritalin side effects. . Pre Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) – Reduces pain in severe cases of PMS. 6. Tourette’s and OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) – Marijuana slows down the tics in people that have Tourette’s and the symptoms of the people with OCD. 7. For Anxiety-Marijuana calms 8. Hepatitis C-Marijuana helps improve dr ug therapy treatment 9. Marijuana also helps with Schizophrenia, Epilepsy, Depression, and Multiple Sclerosis. I tried to give as much information as I could to let you know what’s going on. I hope I did that. Works Cited â€Å"Decriminalization of Marijuana†, Lawrence, B. K. Studymode. com, 6 May 2005, http://www. Studymode. com/Essays/Decriminalization-marijuana-56452. html â€Å"Decriminalization of Marijuana†, 123HelpMe. com, 10 Mar 2013 â€Å"Decriminalization of Marijuana†, Termpaper. com, 12 Apr 2012 http://Termpaper. com/Essay-on/Decriminalization-Of-Marijuana/79942 â€Å"Decriminalization vs. Prohibition†, 123HelpMe. com, 10 Mar 2013 http://www. 123HelpMe. com/view. asp? id=61687 â€Å"Illegal Drugs: Legalization of Marijuana†, Marijuana. com, 19 Apr 2010 â€Å"Smoke In The Air†, 123HelpMe. com, 10 Mar 2013 http://www. 123HelpMe. com/view. asp? id=86223 How to cite Decriminalization of Marijuana, Essay examples

Impacts of Race on Health Policy System - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theImpacts of Race on Health Policy System for Cultural. Answer: Introduction Everyone is entitled to quality and good health care services from any medical facility. Your cultural background should not deter you from accessing medical facilities and getting the required treatment. Race can be defined as the grouping of individuals based on their cultural, genetic, physical, social or ancestral traits. Racism is the discrimination, harassment or biases of one race by another who views themselves as superior to the others. Racism in health care leads to differences in access to quality healthcare. The race has been one of the major problems in Canada that have led to poor health care and those affected have difficulties in accessing quality health care because of the diverse cultural backgrounds that they are coming from. It is the responsibility of the government to introduce health policies that are inclusive and considerate for every Canadian citizen. Good health policy system help in improving health care for every individual irrespective of your race and c ultural background in health policy system; race is a contributory factor to the success and effectiveness of the system (Tang, Browne, 2008). A health policy system that involves racism leads to poor quality services, inequality in access to health care, dissatisfied patients and increase in a number of patients. Racism has led to an increased number of patients resorting to other alternatives of health care like the tradition health care for the various illnesses. This has also lead to the rise of mortality in patients who are having chronic illnesses and are from the minority communities because of the discrimination and lack of adequate health care. The introduction of inclusive health care policies will help in reducing the mortality rate and improving health care among all Canadian citizens. Racism in Canada's health care policy system Racism in Canada has long existed with the majority of the minority group consisting blacks have resettled in Quebec. Racism in Canada has exceeded many other countries, the minority groups have not fully been recognized by the government (Hutchison, levesque, Strumpf, Coyle, 2011). However much the government today is trying to change the perception and reducing the level of discrimination of the minority groups within its territory. The minority groups in Canada have long suffered because of the poor and limited health facilities in the regions where the minority groups live. This, however, has led to the rise of mortality in the minority groups especially those with chronic illness and also maternal mortality. Several causes of health inequities caused by racism are having less access to social resources such as education, inadequate economic resources, poor housing, engaging in health behaviors that are risky, exposure to environment hazards, stress caused by racism in an enviro nment one lives in, social traumas such as sexual abuse and spousal abuse, programs such as screening being underutilized and having no trust in the healthcare systems (Prus, Tfaily, Lin, 2010). The government has the responsibility of playing a major role in reducing racism in Canada by making good policies that does not only favor the "white" people in getting efficient health care but instead come up with policies that ensures that access to primary healthcare is everyone's right irrespective of your race, tribe, color, and cultural background, it should be diversified (Papadopoulos, 2006). Healthcare organizations also have an equal responsibility of ensuring equality in the healthcare facilities. The healthcare organizations can introduce programs that are cultural diversity oriented with the aims of training health practitioners about cultural diversity and competence. This program should focus their attention on the marginalized groups and how they can get quality health care. The healthcare organizations should recruit persons from the minority groups in the health care system to create a free and conducive environment for the minority groups to feel comfortable and safe in the healthcare facilities. Most of the trained healthcare practitioners from minority groups often go back to their regions to offer health care services in the available health facilities and this is another way of promoting adequate health care for the minority groups. Ontario Human Right Commission (OHRC) has put in place policies that protect the minority groups from being oppressed and deni ed equal right to access medical facilities and other government public resources (Deber, Mah, 2014). Public and policymakers' responsibility The public and policymakers have the responsibility to take up actions in order to eliminate the issue of racism in the healthcare system. Such actions involve creating and increasing public awareness on the issue of racism and its effects on the quality and accessibility of healthcare (Giesbrecht, Crooks, 2016). The awareness can be increased through the support of policies and procedures that address racism, the establishment of community, groups and alliance programs that fight the issue of racism. Increase in the representation of the radicalized groups in the decision-making processes as well as in the organization's structure will help in eliminating the racism in Canada (Clavier, Leeuw, 2013). The public and policymakers should strife in implementing and enforcing policies and procedures that are free from racism. The recruitment and retaining of staff from the minority groups will help in building a culture of diversity in the health, implementation of programs that involve training the practitioners on anti-discriminatory and culturally diverse health care. The availability of interpreters in the facilities will also help eliminate racism in the healthcare system. Support the establishment of acts and policies that address the racism in health care system and also allocate sufficient funds in support of racism research, in conducting discussions with the stakeholders on eradicating the racism in the country (Westhues, Wharf, 2012). The policymakers should ensure the patients exercise their rights to access proper healthcare through the introduction of a complaint box to air their complaints as well as to pro-actively respond to racism. A consideration to form a committee that addresses on racial equality will also help in dealing with the racism problem in the Canadians health policy system . Summary The issue of racism, in Canada, cannot be ignored as it deeply affects the health care system. It is a major issue that should be addressed by all the stakeholders who include the government, the healthcare providers, and organizations, the consumers' and the general public. All the stakeholders should unite in implementing and enforcing policies and procedures that upholds equality and fights to eliminate racism in the health care systems. References Clavier, C., Leeuw, E. J. J. (2013).Health promotion and the policy process. Deber, R. B., Mah, C. L. (2014).Case studies in Canadian health policy and management. Giesbrecht, D., Crooks, A., (2016). Place, Health and Diversity: Learning from the Canadian experience. Routledge. Hutchison, B., levesque, J. F., Strumpf, E., Coyle, N. (2011). Primary health care in Canada:systems in motion.The Milbank Quarterly,89(2), 256-288. Papadopoulos, I. (2006).Transcultural health and social care: Development of culturally competent practitioners. Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone Prus, S. G., Tfaily, R., Lin, Z. (2010). Comparing racial and immigrant health status and health care access in later life in Canada and the United States.Canadian Journal on Aging/La Revue canadienne du vieillissement,29(3), 383-395. Tang, S. Y., Browne, A. J., (2008). Racematters: racialization and egalitarian discourses involving Aboriginal people in the Canadian health care context.Ethnicity and Health,13(2), 109-127. Westhues, A., Wharf, B. (2012).Canadian social policy: Issues and perspectives.