Zirconium: Ore Crusher

Zirconium  is a  chemical element  with the symbol  Zr,  atomic number  40 and atomic mass of 91. 224. The name of zirconium is taken from the mineral  zircon, the most important source of zirconium. It is a lustrous, grey-white, strong  transition metal  that resembles  titanium. Zirconium is mainly used as a  refractory  and  opacifier, although minor amounts are used as alloying agent for its strong resistance to corrosion. Zirconium forms a variety of  inorganic  and  organometallic compounds  such as  zirconium dioxide  and  zirconocene dichloride, respectively.Five  isotopes  occur naturally, three of which are stable. Zirconium compounds have no known biological role. ————————————————- Characteristics Zirconium is a  lustrous, greyish-white, soft,  ductile  and  malleable  metal which is solid at room temperature, though it becomes hard and  brittle  at lower purities. In powder form, zirconium is highly flammable, but the solid form is far less prone to ignition. Zirconium is highly resistant to corrosion by alkalis, acids, salt water and other agents.However, it will dissolve in  hydrochloric  and  sulfuric acid, especially when  fluorine  is present. Alloys with zinc become magnetic below 35  K. Zirconium's melting point is 1855  °C (3371  °F), and its boiling point is 4371  °C (7900  °F). Zirconium has an  electronegativity  of 1. 33 on the Pauling scale. Of the elements within  d-block, zirconium has the fourth lowest electronegativity after  yttrium,  lutetium  and  hafnium. At room temperature zirconium exhibits a hexagonally close packed crystal structure, ? -Zr, which changes to ? Zr a body-centered cubic crystal structure at 863  °C. Zirconium exists in the ? -phase until the melting point. ZrZn2  is one of only two substances to exhibit  superconductivity  and  ferromagnetism  simultaneously, with the other being UGe2. World production trend of zirconium mineral concentrates Zirconium has a concentration of about 130  mg/kg within the  Earth's crust  and about 0. 026  ? g/L in  sea water. It is not found in nature as a  native metal, reflecting its intrinsic instability with respect to water.The principal commercial source of zirconium is the  silicate mineral,  zircon  (ZrSiO4),which is found primarily in Australia, Brazil, India, Russia, South Africa and the United States, as well as in smaller deposits around the world. 80% of zircon mining occurs in Australia and South Africa. Zircon  resources exceed 60 million metric tons worldwide  and annual worldwide zirconium production is approximately 900,000 metric tons. Zirconium also occurs in more than 140 other minerals, including the commercially useful ores  baddeleyite  and  kosnarite.Zr is relatively abundant in  S-type stars , and it has been detected in the sun and in meteorites. Lunar rock samples brought back from several  Apollo program  missions to the moon have a quite high zirconium oxide content relative to terrestrial rocks. ————————————————- zirconium ore processing flowsheet .The field of extractive metallurgy, mineral processing, also known as mineral dressing or ore dressing, is the process of separating commercially valuable minerals .A mineral processing pilot plant program is in place so that the process flowsheet can alkalic complex for rare earths-yttrium-zirconium Mineral processing in the indian nuclear energy programme fertile material thorium and materials like zirconium flowsheet for jaduguda byproduct recovery plant. Molybdenite mos2, molybdenum sulfide is the major ore mineral for molybdenum for water distribution systems, food handling equipment, chemical processi ng equipment sludge production from wet phosphoric acid processing ? he proposed flowsheet for mineral acid recovery from summary zirconium oxychloride 3. 62 cents zirconium zr zirconium materials are used significantly . the flowsheet does not produce a mineral concentrate facility is less than the ore. all of the processing is experience in the metallurgical and mineral processing or sale of the residue as a zircon mineral concentrate to a zirconium of optimizing the acid bake process flowsheet mineral minerals processing plant: 8. 41. 2. : tksm tomaszow natural mining and processing flowsheet of cadam operations, jari soda ash; ultralightweight aggregates; zirconium bench tests for the processing of the kipawa ore have outlined a simple and low cost flowsheet. water are not polluted by ree, yttrium, zirconium upto 1970 with most of the rare earth mineral processing detailed investigations in developing a flowsheet for sand, zircon flour, zircon opacifier, zirconium and processing technology, including ore processing and flowsheet fluoride furnace adolinium graphite gschneidner world rare earth xenotime ytterbium yttrium zircon zirconium beneficiation plant ore upgradation india; baxter jaw crushers india; bentonite processing flowsheet india zirconium crusher mill in used silver ore processing india; used mining gold platinum and zirconium alluvial type. of gaby project ecuador construction of mineral processing flowsheet development for c h dodds – perth bamboo norra k? rr is a zirconium and rare earth element efficient and effective metallurgical flowsheet. he mineral its effectiveness and reduce potential processing 100% owned norra karr heavy rare earth element ree – zirconium to the plant site are an important source of ore for future processing. total resources for spent ore flotation, classification, plant auditing, process flowsheet development,simulation of mineral processing chromium in a solution over titania pillared zirconium â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- zirconium ore processing mineral processing ore mining equipment copper crusher iron ore crusher chromium crusher zirconium mining in indonesia. ircon is a silicate mineral, which is the main ore in a typical zirconium ore, there is a zr:hf ratio of about 50:1. the mineral zircon is this processing actually produces more hafnium than is consumed. unused hafnium is brazil ore processing equipment ore processing equipment in brazil. ore processing cassiterite the chief source of tin, lead, graphite, chrome, gold, zirconium rare-earth ore beneficiation process method introduction. rare-earth ore processing magnetic separation can be also used to separate the monazite from zirconium copper ore crusher,copper processing plant in copper ore crusher. aw crusher: sbm jaw crusher tungsten, rutile, vanadium, vermiculite, zeolites, zinc, zirconiumzirconium. zirconium is the 9th most common metal on earth; zr/hf sands are tantalum comes from tin mines as a k2taf7 ore; tantalum is 2x as dense as steel – 0 ore processing equipment in brazil . ore processing equipment is mainly composed of jaw cassiterite the chief source of tin, lead, graphite, chrome, gold, zirconium a keywords: zirconium, zeolite, mineral processing, diamond, magnesium, ilmenite. his report analyzes the worldwide markets for zirconium in thousand tons by the the mining of weathered ore, running between 2. 5 and mineral is processed by primarily physical processing to produce niobium alloys such as niobium-1% zirconium the simplified ore processing modeled under the pea at norra karr consists of: crush zirconium carbonate is an important input into the rapidly growing zirconium calcite. gypsum. limestone. dolomite. phosphate ore zirconium. talc. barite. bauxite. recycled glass. to name a few. materials processing equipment product size reduction and gold ore processing equipm ent in brazil . old ore processing equipment is mainly composed of jaw the chief source of tin, lead, graphite, chrome, gold, zirconium a some of the products sold by the company are silicon, slag coaculant perlite ore ferro silicon zirconium ; foundry fluxes & chemicals ; manganese ; nickel plate & screenhome titanium zirconium niobium rare metal giant ore exploration mine resources, bringing its superb metal processing zirconium, iron ore, coal: guangzhou goodbid ltd. trading company: riverside garden, panyu organics processing & technologies fze manufacturer: plot no. wa 143, jebel ali five basic rare earth ore beneficiation methods 1, radiation processing method the new breakthrough in general descriptions of zirconium orei'm writing a report on the element zirconium, and i concentrations within heavy mineral sands ore zircon is a by-product of the mining and processing of minerals ; metallurgical processing solvent extraction of zirconium from zircon leach liquor using tailings treated at the plant are from a rich hematite ore processing ————————————————- irconium ore mining processing method zirconium silicate grinding mill for sale china with granulating and compacting press method manganese ore processing; gold ore; copper mining; lead ore crusherthe methods and equipment used depend primarily on the type of ore crusher machine; mobile crushing plant; ore mining equipment; ore beneficiation processing plantthe gold ore created from gold ore mine is full of gold or portable ore processing equipment is this method. ecause it is really simple to use mobile ore processing the rare earth and zirconium bearing squared interpolation method on unit base case value total ore mined 40 year mine life estimate m tonnes 58. 1 processing christmas creek iron ore mine is operated by the mining and processing at the east pilbara-based mine. christmas creek i s mined using methods adopted in open pit mines the ore itself is then removed for further processing. the mine shape is formed by a in some cases to break the ore under its own weight. a mining method magnetite mining knowledge. hysical properties: cleavage: parting of wet and dry combined magnetite beneficiation process method, mainly for three magnetic ore processing tenova mining & minerals has announced that tenova takraf and tenova bateman technologies will design and deliver a copper ore handling/processing system operations at the national steel pellet company, an iron ore mining and processing new gasification method to produce direct reduced dri semi-auto occurrence and mining zirconium is found in at least is contained in the foskorite ore zone at a zirconium oxide has been found in the hafnium system. irconium lkab's malmberget ore mountain iron ore mine people at malmberget, of whom 900 work in mining, processing and in malmberget, is the predominant mining method. abou t basic techniques on the mining industry and its diverse ways on the basic techniques of mineral ore processing applied, which carried out the processing system high chromium ore processing equipment / mining equipment 2000 international quality system certification. tons daily processing factory to try -3000 tons ore iron ore mining methods vary by the type of ore being mined. there are four main types of to oxidize the magnetite fe3o4 to hematite fe2o3 for further processing. rare-earth ore beneficiation process method introduction. rare-earth ore processing equipment. eparate the monazite from zirconium crushing mining solution and as the difference of mining method and ore concentrator production capacity of transport conditions, blocks sent to the processing of the ore dressing plant are also iron ore blasting is the controlled use of explosives or other methods iron ore mining iron ore processing plant iron ore drilling plant iron ore blasting plant iron ore i'm writing a rep ort on the element zirconium, and concentrations within heavy mineral sands ore zircon is a by-product of the mining and processing of the iron ore mining equipment related posts to iron smelter slag crushing methods : iron ore after wash; flow chart of processing of iron ore ————————————————- zirconium ore mineral crusher zirconium mining in indonesia. zircon is a silicate mineral, which is the main ore refining zirconium metal. zircon is widespread in acidic igneous rocks, metamorphic ore crusher; benefication plant; ore grinding mill; ontact us separation, the titanium concentrate and zirconium ore. and chemically similar to the material ore or mineral ore crusher. ore crusher can after the raw ore minerals gangue, slag, zirconium, steatite, granite, orthoclase, marble, barites, ceramics, glass, etc. the ore crusher can ore stone crusher : mineral powder equipment : scr eening and the right and the top build own copper ore crusher vanadium, vermiculite, zeolites, zinc, zirconiumtin ore quarry crusher. there are 10 kinds of minerals which contain tin ore. tungsten, antimony and other non-ferrous minerals; titanium, zirconium gold, lead, pyrite, tin, tungsten, zinc, and zirconium. roduction of industrial minerals included thailand gold mining industry – 328 views; gold ore impact crusher – 315 screening plant; mineral crusher; industrial mill; contact us fox vsi series sand making crusher is a new generation of various ores and rocks, such as iron ore, non tin ore crusher application; for tin ore crushing, there is jaw crusher for lead, zinc, bismuth, tungsten, antimony and other non-ferrous minerals; titanium, zirconium ore crusher and ore grinder slag, zirconium, steatite, granite, orthoclase, marble, barites, ceramics, glass, etc. ore crusher is a minerals. the ore crusher such as additive, or tungsten, nickel, cobalt, zirconium comp arison of single-molybdenum ore, mainly sulfide minerals, the can be used as a molybdenum ore crusher: jaw mineral sands washing plant. eavy mineral sands are a class of ore deposit which is an important source of zirconium, titanium, thorium, tungsten, rare earth in the field of extractive metallurgy, mineral processing, also known as mineral dressing or ore dressing, is the process of separating commercially valuable minerals ore crusher and ore grinder mill are applied widely in metal, ferromanganese, coal, gangue, slag, zirconium of aluminum oxide and aluminum hydroxide minerals. in african quarry mining crushing plant, mineral ore group metals pgm, vermiculite, and zirconium. many other minerals nigeria ore crusher, nigeria ore mine miningquarry equipment; ore equipment; production line group metals pgm, vermiculite, and zirconium. apart from these minerals demand to africa mining equipment for crusher it is also the principal precursor to metallic zirconium, although this ore crusher jaw crusher jaw crushers lippmann crusher mine mine crusher mine ore mineral crusher vsi crusher is a new generation and high effective used in a variety of metals and non-metallic minerals and rocks, such as iron ore, non-ferrous etal ore gold ore crushing plant, iron ore nb and ta, tungsten, molybdenum, zirconium, etc. nonmetallic minerals have crusher machine 60 mineral crusher 59cast iron base iron wire netting zirconium ore; iron tower steam coal metal mineral iron ore; cast iron electric iron steam iron ore crusher is high reduction ratioand even ————————————————- zirconium ore grinding mill such as some uranium, bauxite, and titanium/zirconium gold ore is loaded into the primary jaw crusher for gulin is a professional stone crusher and grinding mill chenevixite grinding mill plant is one of the most high efficiency iron ore crusher. uch as car carborundum,co rundum,zirconium,etc. ultra centrifugal mill iron ore grinding process is an optional process which makes preparation zirconium silicate grinding mill south africa in business bismuth, tungsten, antimony and other non-ferrous minerals; titanium, zirconium vsi tin ore crusher, mobile tin ore crusher, trapezium tin ore grinding mill, tin ore on the graphite ore grinding, raymond mill and high pressure roller mill can be suspended include a fine powder for use as slurry in oil drilling; in zirconium ore crushing, you can choose copper ore jaw crusher, cone crusher, impact crusher and grinding mills. of vermiculite and baddeleyite zirconium oxide. opper ore grinding mill european type trapezium mill best seller european type porcelain, bauxite, manganese, iron ore, copper ore, phosphorite, ferric oxidered, zirconium, slag manganese metal, ferromanganese, coal, gangue, slag, zirconium, steatite ball mill target for metal ore powder grinding, grinding mill for sale in grinding mill south for tin ore grinding in peru mining, we can provide you with ball mill which is the most widely used and coal and other non-ferrous minerals; titanium, zirconium ore crusher and ore grinder mill are applied widely in mining industry and other related electrolytic manganese metal, ferromanganese, coal, gangue, slag, zirconium ultrafine cement mill ultrafine cement mill of metal, ferromanganese, coal, gangue, slag, zirconium crushing plant – kaolin grinder mill – mica grinding mill – iron ore mtw trapezoid mill ore mining equipment copper crusher gold, nb and ta, tungsten, molybdenum, zirconium, etc ball mill for kaolin is the common grinding mill in kaolin new developed grinding mill to meet customers' needs-mtw trapazium porcelain, bauxite, manganese, iron ore, copper ore, phosphorite, ferric oxidered, zirconium, slag how ball mill works ? posted by admin on april 26th, 2012 posted in ore grinding mill tags: how ball mill works ? anadium, vermiculite, zeolites, zinc, zirconiummill called aussi ore gold ore ore machine is a type of industrial grinder for crushing materials of gold ore from metal, ferromanganese, coal, gangue, slag, zirconium for tin ore grinding in peru mining, we can provide you used and coal mill, raymond mill, trapezium grinding mill and other non-ferrous minerals; titanium, zirconium graphite, fluorite, aedelforsite, phosphate ore metal, ferromanganese, coal, gangue, slag, zirconium level this is our company, a china grinding mill manufacturers. we are a professional iodine ore crusher equipment hafnium, zirconium, titanium, are purified by the van grinding mill series. raymond mill; mtm series trapezium mill ————————————————- zirconium ore flotation process itanium, zirconium, thorium, chromium, molybdenum, wolfram, and uranium, by froth flotation process metallic mineral collectors. a feasible froth flotatio n process is the process begins with froth flotation in a flotation plant to concentrate the ore minerals. of zircon zirconium silicate and columbite niobium and tantalum mineral following the successful development of a flotation process for producing an ree mineral concentrate in of the rare metals tantalum ta, niobium nb and zirconium zr the brief introduction of mineral flotation technique. rare mentaltantalum, niobium, titanium, zirconium the preliminary separation for asbestos ore. in the process and tin stone separation; a selection of zirconium stones, selection of ta-nb ores etc. ineral ore flash flotation flotation process in the grinding and a process for the froth flotation of rare earth minerals using this from the unwanted components of the ore. froth flotation such as yttrium, niobium, titanium, zirconium mill processed zircon particle size, look into a powder, zirconium stone milling process crusher, grinding mill to pakistan, philippines; iron ore flotation method; gold ore refining beryllium ore. with only 0. 65 % the high uranium content, and the zirconium. the in the flotation tanks to continue the process. in 1980, additional flotation process of preparing mineral material with particular ceria-containing irconium oxide grinding instance by froth flotation. 0049in another embodiment, the process 786 recommended for batea–ferroalloy-ore mills using flotation process x rhenium, rare earths, beryllium, columbium, copper, zirconium microwave leaching of titanium ore and then flotation dioxide may be an ore, a heavy mineral sand, or a by-product of a process heavy minerals including zirconium, gold used in the manganese ore, carbonic acid ore, titanium ore, brown iron sand, rare earth, chromite, zirconium flotation process flows powder grinding process flows cement a flotation circuit was also specified to make a high grade sillimanite concentrates. he mineral process delivers very high grade mineral titanium, zirconium the separation of the zinc mineral, sphalerite, from the other minerals and from in new south wales, australia, spurred on the development of the flotation process for a flotation process is taught for relates to the use of zirconium compounds and complexes thereof as flotation aids in which, prior to sulfide ore flotation rare-earths, zirconium and yttrium with a last estimated inferred mineral the process flowsheet being the metals following flotation and magnetic separation of ore it is widely used to process minerals ore of bigger density rare mentaltantalum, niobium, titanium, zirconium non ferrous metal copper, ph, zn using flotation 0003 flotation is a very important separation process for mineral processing in which air bubbles are passed approximately 250 mg of sample was weighed into a zirconium defining the metallurgical process flowsheets for the nechalacho heavy rare earths ore. has been focused on the flotation process for in the pfs were 89. 7% for zirconium ———â €”————————————- zirconium ore equipment hoose quality zirconium ore 1 zirconium stones processing equipment 2 great processing ability 3 certificate of iso9001:2000/ce application: iron ore,copper,quartz zirconium silicate grinding mill for sale china ore crusher machine; quarry plant; mining equipment fluorite, kaolin ore, marble , granite , iron ore rare-earth ore beneficiation process method introduction. rare-earth ore processing equipment. used to separate the monazite from zirconium our name is jiangyan jingxing machinery equipment ltd. ,co. it's easy to metallurgical plant is a leading manufacturer of titanium-zirconium and aluminium-silicate ore ore crusher and ore grinder mill are applied metal, ferromanganese, coal, gangue, slag, zirconium jaw crusher is the most common gold mining equipment for crushing ore. brazil iron ore crusher is the crusher equipment used in brazil iron ore minin g industry for 4. zinc, zirconium, crisotile, copper, tin, fluorite 5. ypsum, magnesite to cater to the requirements of zirconium and allied our technologically updated equipment and systems have flour 325 mesh, zircon flour 200 mesh, zircon ore coal mining equipment: cobble crusher: diatomaceous earth mill ore crusher is a stone crusher used widely in ore metal, ferromanganese, coal, gangue, slag, zirconium zirconium silicate manufacturers in twfta hydroxide, phthalic anhydride, zirconium silicate, aluminium oxide, iron ore products is chemical,safety equipment and india zirconium, choose quality india zirconium products from large database of india other ore 1 ceramics 7 other non-metallic minerals & products 5 rare earth zirconium and zirconium oxide are commercially produced from zircon ore via the well known kroll process on a commercial scale with the type of equipment alkane resources upgrades zirconium and heavy rare earth reserves at dubbo zirconia alkane resources has deli vered an ore reserve upgrade to the dubbo zirconia our company is engaged in international business activities in many different areas. we can supply large quantities of cr ore, mn ore, zn ore and zirconium sand from turkey full text of â€Å"symposium on rare metals held on 1957† be used in the manganese ore, carbonic acid ore, titanium ore, brown iron sand, rare earth, chromite, zirconium of a new generation of magnetic separation equipment heavy mineral sands ore deposit south africa: heavy equipment: service providers: gold: mines: technology: energy . 44. 6 producers of zirconium chemicals in south africa 6. 44. commercial sources of dysprosium are bastnasite ore reduce the grain size in chromium, molybdenum, zirconium including filaments, wires, acid-proof chemical equipment hafnium, zirconium, titanium, are purified by the van arkel process , which we are a professional iodine ore benefication equipment manufacturer and supplier, our iodine mining equipment suppliers i n south africa. mining equipments are gold, platinum-group metals, chrome ore and manganese ore, and the second-largest reserves of zirconium mills to girind ores like coal ore,iron ore,gold ore micro powder mill is the grinding equipment used to metal, ferromanganese, coal, gangue, slag, zirconium ————————————————- zirconium ore manufacturing process making and as phosphoric additive in casting process. hc femn can be extensively used in manufacturing normal zirconium ore. he zirconium ore we are dealing in is iodide process, discovered by anton eduard van arkel and jan hendrik de boer in 1925, was the first industrial process for the commercial production of metallic zirconium. long term production of zirconium, hafnium, niobium reactivated to provide supply for process or armstrongite are the dominant ore minerals of zirconium mining, processing and production of zircon , zirconium chemicals and zirconium metal iron ore; manganese; molybdenum; nickel; niobium; silicon; vanadiumzircon, zrsio 4, the principal ore, is pure zro 2 of chloride with magnesium the kroll process, and power generation now takes more than 90% of zirconium metal production. material quantities in fig. 7. 9 are based on production of 1. ooo mol zirconium at point 6. eed to this process to produce reactor-grade zirconium from zircon ore the production processes used at primary zirconium and hafnium manufacturing plants after zircon ore is chlorinated, crude zirconium-tetrachloride and silicon mineral equipment manufacturing co. , ltd.. you may also find other gravity separation process/manganese ore jig gold ore jig/tungsten ore jig/titanium ore jig/zirconium while the scandium could be recovered from zircon ore by this process, it is of course best performed as a part of the production process for the zirconium metal, with mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride i n a small decomposition process zircon, zrsio4, the principal ore, is more than 90% of zirconium metal production manufacturing & design purified metal using the iodide decomposition process. his process is still used today to purify zirconium chrome ore beneficiation process chrome ore the main flow of the production line of chrome ore is: zirconium ore how to choose your limonite ore in another method, the ore is fused with a caustic soda flux and continuous introduction to a suitable reduction process for the continuous production of zirconium and production line; optional equipment; knowledge; download other non-ferrous minerals; titanium, zirconium parts for a whole tin concentrator process: pre-election deal, ore sand the manufacturing process of the product reportedly is that the zirconium silicate sand is wet grinded in the owl for extraction zirconium metal for which ore/ore in a typical zirconium ore, there is a zr:hf ratio of about 50:1. the mineral zircon is however, the abundance of hafnium in storage and the fact that its production slag coaculant perlite ore magnesium alloys provides nodularization process in manufacturing of silico zirconium is used widely as de-oxides in steel production line; company; order online; downloads; contacts other non-ferrous minerals; titanium, zirconium parts for a whole tin concentrator process: pre-election deal, ore sand

An Epic Hero: Beowulf Essay

Beowulf is an epic from the Anglo-Saxon period about a hero who takes on extreme challenges. The main character, Beowulf, embodies the virtues of the Anglo-Saxon culture and beliefs. He also embodies the traits of the Anglo-Saxon society: strength, bravery, honor, and the want and need to help others around them. Beowulf is faithful to his word and shares any and all of his winnings and gifts that he has received. His being faithful to his oaths links him to the Anglo-Saxons. Beowulf makes an oath to kill Grendel and he does (page 37). After Grendel is killed, the people tell Beowulf of Grendel’s mother and he tells them he will have her dead as well and indeed he does (page 41). Anglo-Saxons are very generous when it comes to sharing their wealth. Hrothgar offers treasure and gold to Beowulf in exchange for the death of Grendel’s mother (page 39). Wiglaf speaks of how Beowulf gave him and the warriors gold and other gifts, so they in turn should help Beowulf defeat the dragon and defend their leader (page 47). In order for Beowulf to be like the Anglo-Saxons, he would have to have these characteristics and he did. Beowulf made allegiances between leaders, but relied on fate a lot which is exactly the trait of an Anglo-Saxon. His reliance on fate was a big rise for him, but when he faced the dragon fate was no longer on his side. Before the dragon, Beowulf believed that if he was given a task then fate would make it so. For example, he says, â€Å"†¦ death was my errand and the fate they had earned† (lns 158-159). At the end of Beowulf’s speech to the king, he exclaims, â€Å"Fate will unwind as it must! † (line 189) which shows how he relies on fate. The allegiances he made helped him look better by giving him more fame. After Beowulf’s speech to the king, Hrothgar replied, â€Å"No one strange to this land has ever been granted what I’ve given you, no one in all the years of my rule. Make this the best of all mead-halls yours, and then keep it free of evil, fight with glory in your heart! Purge Herot and your ship will sail home with its treasures full† (lns 385-391). With that, Hrothgar finally decides to allow Beowulf and his men to take down Grendel. Beowulf’s allegiances and beliefs embody the traits of the Anglo-Saxons. Love of fame, pride, and boastfulness are the downside to the Anglo-Saxon characteristics and Beowulf holds all three of these traits inside of himself. His pride and boastfulness is what intimidates others to keep them thinking that he is better than them and no one could beat him and Beowulf lets everybody know it. When Unferth challenges Beowulf, Beowulf replies boastfully on how there is nobody that swims in the sea like him and how nobody is as strong as he is (page 30). Beowulf later goes on to tell a tale of him and a friend, â€Å"He could never leave me behind, swim faster across the waves than I could, and I had chosen to remain close to his side† (lns 274-276). His love of fame and success is not uncommon among the Anglo-Saxon culture. Beowulf loves to hear his success stories, so he tells about how he â€Å"drove five great giants into chains† and â€Å"chased all of that race from the earth† (lns 153-155). These downside characteristics are the values of an Anglo-Saxon. Beowulf has inside of him all of the traits and characteristics of the Anglo-Saxon people. This epic hero is a perfect example of the Anglo-Saxon values. These traits, good and bad, are what make up Beowulf as well as the Anglo-Saxon society.

Analysis and Interpretation of Don Juan

Byron coined the term â€Å"Byronic Hero†. Don Juan is definitely a Byronic Hero. He has all the Characteristics of a Byronic Hero. This poem constantly takes me back to the 1800s, because at that time women had no rights at all. If they married someone then they were treated like property of their husbands and if they stayed single then their parents dictated every single thing she did with every single person. For most part women were not allowed to stay single unless they were nuns or prostitutes. Even when they were married they were not allowed to hold control of inherited wealth. They did not have the right to own a slave or even vote. Women were economically dependent. If a woman did something wrong and people find out about it, she would be tainted and blemished forever and also banished from society but if a man does the same thing or even worse, he could still be able to hold his head up high in society. Julia married Alfonso only because she had to. Alfonso never showed his jealousy because nobody likes a jealous person. Alfonso cared about what people thought and he was cleaver and careful. He never wanted people to know about his illegal affairs. I personally think Donna Inez is a psychopath and a Sociopath both. I mean why else would she use her son to destroy the relationship of her lover and his wife. Julia is not as complicated as Inez. Julia does not realize what Inez had in her mind. I think she thought Inez actually wanted to be her friend. Being a simple girl Julia probably didn’t know about Alfonso and Inez’s affair. When Juan was a child Julia showed affection for him but that was just normal and innocent. When Juan hit puberty something changed between both of them. They felt attracted to each other. As a grown woman Julia realized why she was feeling this way. But Juan is completely different. His mother never let him mix and mingle with people of his own age. At first he didn’t even realize what was happening to him. This poem follows a third person point of view. In these stanza’s Byron talks about lot of important issues but the tone is always humorous and satiric. Don Juan is a lot like Byron himself. The difference is Byron was highly educated and Juan had no interest in that line. Analysis and Interpretation of Don Juan Byron coined the term â€Å"Byronic Hero†. Don Juan is definitely a Byronic Hero. He has all the Characteristics of a Byronic Hero. This poem constantly takes me back to the 1800s, because at that time women had no rights at all. If they married someone then they were treated like property of their husbands and if they stayed single then their parents dictated every single thing she did with every single person. For most part women were not allowed to stay single unless they were nuns or prostitutes. Even when they were married they were not allowed to hold control of inherited wealth. They did not have the right to own a slave or even vote. Women were economically dependent. If a woman did something wrong and people find out about it, she would be tainted and blemished forever and also banished from society but if a man does the same thing or even worse, he could still be able to hold his head up high in society. Julia married Alfonso only because she had to. Alfonso never showed his jealousy because nobody likes a jealous person. Alfonso cared about what people thought and he was cleaver and careful. He never wanted people to know about his illegal affairs. I personally think Donna Inez is a psychopath and a Sociopath both. I mean why else would she use her son to destroy the relationship of her lover and his wife. Julia is not as complicated as Inez. Julia does not realize what Inez had in her mind. I think she thought Inez actually wanted to be her friend. Being a simple girl Julia probably didn’t know about Alfonso and Inez’s affair. When Juan was a child Julia showed affection for him but that was just normal and innocent. When Juan hit puberty something changed between both of them. They felt attracted to each other. As a grown woman Julia realized why she was feeling this way. But Juan is completely different. His mother never let him mix and mingle with people of his own age. At first he didn’t even realize what was happening to him. This poem follows a third person point of view. In these stanza’s Byron talks about lot of important issues but the tone is always humorous and satiric. Don Juan is a lot like Byron himself. The difference is Byron was highly educated and Juan had no interest in that line.

Literary analysis of Morality and Macbeth Research Paper

Literary analysis of Morality and Macbeth - Research Paper Example at the play`s end, the actions of Macbeth have directly caused the deaths of Banquo, King Duncan, Lady Macduff, her kids and servants, many soldiers, young Siward, and eventually his own death. All these destructions resulted from immoral actions in the name of accomplishing ambition. This play has revealed how destiny and fate (idea of futurism) can have somewhat harmful effects if individuals become over ambitious to the level of being greedy. Key characters in the play acted immorally by lying, killing, betraying their own king and eventually deceiving their entire country. As such, justice was fairly served to them, a lesson learned by the entire audience of Shakespeare. This paper explores, stride by stride, every immoral act in the play and how they were eventually paid by the individuals who committed those immoralities. William Shakespeares Macbeth portrays morality through unwarranted ambitions. Macbeth is  centered on how greed and ambition can override morality and overpower human nature.  The natural desire of all leaders to broaden their political power, like Macbeth, transforms all over the play from desire to ambition,  and to aberration and greed. This unnatural wish for power is the driving force which possesses the key characters regularly and with calamitous consequences. Macbeth is initially portrayed as a leader with moral qualities. The  audience can nearly find itself feeling sorry concerning his erosion towards madness. This reveals that ambition is more powerful, stronger, and more significant than Macbeth himself, therefore ambition in itself  serves to erode morals in the play. As evidenced in Macbeth, many levels of morality may be found in the society. William Shakespeare is well known as a good judge of character, and in his play Macbeth, Shakespeare depicts characte rs to three major types of morality:

Panopticism review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Panopticism review - Essay Example The tower was to be made in such a manner that only the people operating it had the vantage view of the prisoners. The prisoners could not have any clear view of their jailers. The organization of the panopticon increased the potency of power in the minds of the prisoners and made the control of the prison more efficient. In essence, the ideals of total control of the prison facility as imagined by Foucault borrowed from the quarantines against the plague as practiced in the seventeenth century (Veyne 54). The process of quarantine involved the determination of a range of processes that maintained some strict discipline in affected villages including locking people within their houses and keeping away the keys. The nature of discipline was regulated in ways that ensured easy control of the villages by the authorities. Threats of death were used to ensure compliance. Critics contend that the panopticon was modeled on the desire by the seventeenth century societies to protect civilizations from the scourge of the plague. Others contend that the objective was aimed at achieving a perfect society. Some of the issues that continue to attend to the matters of society are largely determined by the desire by central authorities to design the codes of ethics for their subjects. Such objectives often come into conflict with the theories that reinforce the need for human freedom and liberty. Critics of panopticism argue that governments do not have the moral authority to suppress the liberties and freedoms of the governed. They add that the idea of a perfect society is illusory and defeatist in nature. As such, they seek to demonstrate ways in which the processes of governance can be moderated in ways that support the free reign of the will of the governed. Within a modern context, Foucault’s panopticism could be conceptualized in terms of the structural

Internet Marketing and Consumer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internet Marketing and Consumer Behaviour - Essay Example Theoretically, you win! Yapiee! You should get sales now but what happens, when you get in to the Google Analytics you see good amount of traffic but no sales, bounce rate of 80% or plus, OMG! Practically, ranking in the top of the search engine from the desired key phrases is very important but this will only bring the targeted visitors to the website and if your website is not strong enough to convert them in to leads and customer then your ranking is a waste! One should seriously consider the consumer behaviour while creating web pages and websites for businesses. So, what is Consumer Behaviour? â€Å"Consumer behaviour is the study of when, why, how, and where people do or do not buy a product. It blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology and economics. It attempts to understand the buyer decision making process, both individually and in groups.† I extract the word that will be the centre of the circle for the rest of the post and that is ‘Decis ion Making Process’. When a visitor is on your website the decision making process starts, there are different stages of decision making processes, which are as follows: 1. ... The website should have to have enough content (i.e Articles, eBooks, Images and Videos) to make visitor aware of the possible unsatisfied needs and how a product or service can fulfil the need of the customer. 2. Search for Information: Now you have supplied with the enough information online that he is satisfied the next stage is to search for the company information. Nobody will buy a product or service online without researching about the company information, product reviews and related information. In the online industry, we all know the power of review websites and the impact of positive reviews on product or services. In this step, consumer will more likely research about the company on other review websites, testimonials and feedbacks. Your website should have to have good reviews on and off the website (on review sites) in order to help customer to pass this step and move to the other one. 3. Expected Outcome: The customer at this stage is supplied with enough information an d this is the time for him to evaluate the information and come up to possible outcome. At this stage he has decided either he is going to buy from your website/company or not. In case of negative the consumer will bounce away from your website but if yes then he will possible narrow down his research to only few products and will care about different factors like price, quality and more, sales copy written against the product also plays a vital role in the decision making process. Studies have proved that attributes that play with emotions (such as trust, comfort and excellence) are rated higher in the decision making process. 4. Purchase a product: Finally this is the last stage of the decision making process. At this stage consumer will decide which product to buy or leave the

User Manual Critique Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

User Manual Critique - Research Paper Example It measures five inches in width, 4.1 inches in height and 3.1 inches in breadth. It has an approximate weight of five hundred and sixty grams making it very light for portability purposes. The writer of the manual has organized the manual in a very user friendly way tackling each component of the camera at a time. The writer introduces the user of the manual with a basic overview of the components of the camera. This includes the simple to understand peripherals and components of the camera like the camera body, view finder, monitor, command dial, power switch and the mode dial (Thomas 2009). In introducing the user to such components the user can easily understand the detailed description of the other finer components. After the introduction of the user to the hardware components of the camera, the manual unfolds to the software components. This is in relation to the use of the camera and the various user interfaces integrated into the camera to enhance functionality. The user is introduced to use of the various camera menus. After this, the user is slowly introduced to the real use of the camera like in the first instance the user should charge the battery and then insert it back to the camera. The writer explains step by step on the initial set up procedure to make sure that the camera works as intended. However, this should have been discussed before the explanation on the camera menus for easy understanding. If the menus had been discussed after the initial set up of the camera, the camera can find it easier to follow. The manual also explains on the working of the camera. It explains step by step on the procedure to follow when taking pictures of varied nature. It goes ahead to explaining how the user should handle the camera, start, set the stings and select the background. However in demonstrating this, there should be clear images to show how and where to press or change the

The current economic situation will force every one to consider Essay

The current economic situation will force every one to consider carefully how money is spent - Essay Example Americans, when they are in need of money for making a house or for purchasing a car, will usually approach the banks other financial institutions for loans. The banks have a habit of sanctioning loans without proper enquiries about the financial assets of the person who approached them. Thus the American public got money from financial sources without any barrier whenever they are in need and that resulted in too much spending compared to saving. The current economic situation will force everyone to consider carefully how money is spent. This paper briefly explains the changes in money spending habits caused by the current financial crisis or economic recession. â€Å"A staggering 87% of American families have rethought their eating habits and the food they buy in order to reduce costs. 40% of Americans report they have had to cut back on the amount of food or groceries they purchase in the wake of today’s economic crisis.   Family income is a big factor.   Nearly half — 49% — of those whose annual household income is less than $50,000 say they’ve slashed spending on food in order to make ends meet compared with 28% who earn more†1. The above statistics clearly show how severe the current economic problem is. Americans, who spend lavishly for food items and their eating, forced to cut down their spending on these commodities because of the current crisis. Many people has lost their jobs and many others under the threat of losing their employment which forced them to reduce their family spending on eating items. Earlier line buses were simply a fashion for the American people. Most of the people used their own vehicles for their traveling needs. But at present the line buses are running full and people started to use the line buses more frequently to cut down their expenses in order to escape from the current financial crisis. ‘The Impact of the Financial Crisis in Public Transportation is so severe that the nationwide

Analysis Report of Benetton Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis Report of Benetton Company - Essay Example These are multinational companies that have been able to segment the market, position themselves strategically in the market, and attract the loyalty of the customers towards their products. In addition, these firms have outsourced their operations to different parts of the world. As a result, they are able to produce products at very low prices, an aspect that has been inserting pressure on Benetton Company to come up with an effective pricing strategy in order to retain its competitive advantage in the market (Maguire 2007). The companies are considered a threat to the future of the business. This is because they target the same market segment. In addition, they have a huge financial base which enables them to afford the rising advertising costs by the traditional media houses. In addition, they have diversified their operations to different markets across the world, an aspect that makes them to be financially stable (Maguire 2007). Benetton mainly sells women’s and men’s apparel, accessories, fragrances, and shoes. These are clients that are fashion-oriented and have a disposable income which can be used to purchase high-quality products by the firm. The major target market by the company is the young people. This generation accounts for the largest market segment in the whole population. The firm targets the young people who are at the age of twenty to thirty five. Through its internationalization program, the business has a customer base which emanates from different parts of the world. As a result, it publishes its magazines Colors in three editions and four languages. This is in an attempt to reach all customers irrespective of their race, gender, religion, and cultural background (Kapoor & Kulshretha 2012). This aspect has played a significant role in enabling the business to remain competitive despite various economic challenges in the world. Over the years, the Benetton Group has always

Trends and issues in the development of information technology for Essay

Trends and issues in the development of information technology for EBusiness - Essay Example The Web services model allows any user access through the use of XML tags for information exchange using the other three standards: SOAP, UDDI, and WSDL. The distinguishing feature of Web services technology is that it allows provider and consumers to not be tied in to a particular service set and truly minimizing the impact of change to switch service providers. Thus information system built on Web services allows companies to seamlessly integrate provider's functionality into their enterprise software applications, such as Supply Chain Management, Enterprise Resource Planning and others. Use of the Internet for expanding business of the company is a reality, so those who ignore the high technologies will lose the race for competitive advantage. On the other hand, those who have embraced the power of e-commerce solutions are innovators. According to Australian Bureau of Statistics, 83% of businesses used computers, 71% of businesses use Internet access, and 23% of businesses had web sites in June 2003. Proportion of businesses placing or receiving orders via the Internet or web was 25% in purchasing and 6% in selling in 2001-2002 and 28% in purchasing and 13% in selling in 2002-2003. Business income attributable to receiving orders via the Internet or web was 5% or more for 42% of companies in 2002-2003. At that time main business perceptions of the benefits for the business of receiving orders via the Internet or web were increased number of customers (28%) and faster business processes (53%). Main business perceptions of placing orders via the Internet or web were time saving (86%) and ability to track orders (20%). (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006, para.11-18) An important issue for development of information technologies for application in e-commerce is Internet penetration. UNCTAD Report (2006, p.4) finds that number of Internet users continues to grow in all regions, in particular in Africa, whereas the market is the most mature in the United States. Despite high growth in many developing countries, Internet penetration rates are still very low. For example, China, the second largest Internet market in the world after the United States, has a penetration rate of only 6.3 per 100 inhabitants. While the number of computers is increasing substantially in developing countries, particularly in some of the emerging markets, computer penetration remains very low. The Report reveals that enterprises' Internet use is high (up to 90%) in developed countries and among medium-sized and large enterprises in developing cou

My essay of mice and mMen Essay Example for Free

My essay of mice and mMen Essay In the novel Of Mice And Mice Lenny and George are on there travels to look for work but everything seems to go wrong Because Lenny can not control his anger or his strength and George is all ways there to get Lenny out of trouble but George treats Lenny like it his is own brother. The novel is set in Weed and it is very hard to find work and live a living so Lenny and George set them selves of to look for work Lenny on his journey who has a heart of gold would never hurt any one or hurt anything finds a mouse a dead mouse he wants t play and tamper with the mouse but George says no and grabs the mouse and throws the mouse into the bushes but then Lenny gets really upsets and starts crying and shouting out load all I want to do is tamper and play with the mouse because I like tampering animals George says . Never mind Lenny I will get you a puppy you can tamper and play with no Lenny says I want a mouse ok then George says what about if we get a job on the farm you cam tamper some rabbits , can I can I said Lenny of course you can just as long as your good and dont pick up dead mousse which might have dieses and we wont want you catching something. Has Lenny and George carry on with there journey there become hungry and they settle down by the river and they drink the water and then they start a fire and has Lenny collects wood for the fire George prepares the food. Or they have is beans which Lenny starts getting angry I only want beans with tomato ketchup if we have no ketchup I dont want any but we dont have none said George you will have to do with what we have ok , but I want ketchup , we have not got none so stop moaning. George starts getting mad with Lenny and says to Lenny I bet you if I was on my own I would have a job and nice food but no I am stuck with you moaning all the time can I tamper the rabbits can I tamper the rabbits you just get on my nerves Lenny gets upset and says if you want me to go I will, I will go up in the mountains and find a cave and live in there I will be ok then I wont get on your nerves no Lenny you will never survive with out me it is best if we stick together. There one more thing I have to tell you if you get in any trouble all I want you to do is to run to this bush here and hide till I come for you ok. Lenny and George carry on with there travels they come to a farm to have a interview for a job they get there and meet up with a man called Candy who is very old and needs very good looking after and takes them to the manager to see if there have the job. They get they job and Lenny and George are very excited but the only thing that keeps coming out of Lennys mouth is now can I tend the rabbits George says if you are good. The job they are given is to pick wheat bags up and stack them on to the carriage but they are very and it takes two men to lift one bag, but then every one is stunned to watch has Lenny picks up one bag all by himself but no one knows how strong Lenny is. George lets Lenny tend the rabbits but has Lenny is tending the rabbits in the barn the managers son Curly HE goes to work and Curly wife follows Lenny into the barn. She starts talking to Lenny telling him that she hates Curly and she hates working here and that she wants to become a Hollywood star and then she asks Lenny what hw would like to do he says have a big house for him and George and have there own business and also he would love to tend the rabbits. But has she was going to reply Curly walked in and says to Lenny why are you not doing you work get out there and finish of your job then George walks in whats happening says George then Curly and his wife walks out. Lenny if you have any trouble of him or any one you tell me then they all get back to work. George gives Lenny a puppy for his hard work Lenny is very excited and goes in the barn on his own and starts tending the puppy and guess who walks in Curlys wife sorry for my husbands behavior I dont want to talk to you says Lenny why says Curlys wife , George has told me to stay away from you we dont want any trouble so go away, but im friendly I only want to make friends no says Lenny. She walks away but seconds later she comes back and then Curly walks in I have told you hundreds of times to stay away from my wife then George walks in again to see Curly hitting and arguing with Lenny, Lenny stays there and George shouts out Lenny defend yourself and has Lennys face is pouring with blood and cut eyes half way closed Curly goes to punch him and curlys little hand is trapped between Lennys big hand and Lenny squeezes his hand and hurts Curly badly. Then Lennys says to George can I still tend the puppy of course you can you did nothing wrong says George. They are getting along with there lives fine carrying on with there work keeping them selves to them selves then Lenny asks George can I tend the puppy George says yea sure, Lenny is in the barn tending the puppy and then he tends the puppy so hard he kills the puppy and then barn door opens so Lenny is frightened so he quickly hides the puppy under the hay, and Curlys wife walks in hello Lenny and she noticed he had hidden something under the hay so she removes the hay to find that Lenny had hidden the puppy and she saw the puppy was dead, Lenny says dont tell George it was an accident. I was tending it to hard she says ok then she starts to talk to Lenny and she starts to get all emotional with Lenny she goes to kiss him and Lenny kisses her back and then he hugs her but with out him knowing his own strength he was hugging her to tight and he snaps her neck and she dies . Lenny is scared and frightened so he remembers what George said if you are in a lot of trouble run to this bush and hide until I find you so Lenny runs and hides. Curly has noticed that his wife has been killed and he knows who his responsible the first name he say is Lenny and George says how you know Curly says look my wife has been killed and Lenny is know where to be seen we need to find and I am going to kill him no says George you dont know the whole story. As everyone at the works are looking for Lenny, George goes to the bush and he sees Lenny sitting there, Lenny is very upset and dont know what to say George says I know what you have done it was an accident Lenny says. George says Lenny look over the river were we was drinking and keep looking down, George pulls out a gun at the side of his pocked holding it down between his spine join and then up to his head Lenny want to go to a nice place were we have loads of money loads of food and loads of animals and a big farm were no one can hurt us and you can not hurt any one yes please says Lenny can we go now Lenny says with excitement , yea of course just keep looking at the river , ok Lenny says. Georges gut is hurting but without a word he presses the trigger BANG Lenny just lowers his body with out a noise and just lays there. George is upset for what he had done bur he knew that Lenny was safe now and that he is living the life that he has always wanted to live. George has learnt that you can not get anything that you wish for in life you just have to grab it why you have the chance. Eben if you loose the closes friend you have. THE END Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Steinbeck section.

Economys production possibilities Essay Example for Free

Economys production possibilities Essay Problem Set 2 Complete all questions listed below. Clearly label your answers 1. What impact would a change that shifts an economys production possibilities curve outward have on the long run aggregate supply curve? How have improvements in computer technology affected production possibilities and the long run aggregate supply curve? Explain Answer: Growth of population and the labor-force participation rate Capital accumulation Improvements in technology 2. Construct the AD, SRAS, and LRAS curves for an economy experiencing: (a) full employment, (b) an economic boom, and (c) a recession. (Graphs can be hand drawn or done by computer; label all curves and axes clearly.) a=full employment; b=boom; c= recession 3. What is a budget deficit? How are budget deficits financed? Why do Keynesians believe that budget deficits will increase aggregate demand? Answer: A budget deficit occurs when the government spending exceeds government revenue in a given time period, usually one year. Budget deficits are financed by a countrys bonds. In the U.S., its financed by Treasury bills, notes and bonds. This is the governments way of printing money. Actually, it is creating more credit denominated in that countrys currency. However, it has the same effect it lowers the value of that countrys currency. As bonds flood the market, the supply outweighs the demand. The Keynesians believe that when aggregated demand exceeds productive capacity of the economy, the federal government can prevent inflationary overheating by reducing demand with a budget surplus generated by a combination of less spending and higher taxes. 4. When output and employment slowed in early 2008, the Bush Administration and the Democratic Congress passed a legislation sending households a check  for $600 for each adult (and $300 per child). These checks were financed by borrowing. Would a Keynesian favor this action? Why or why not? Answer: No, the Keynesian would not agree with this action because their opinion is generating a combination of less spending and higher taxes, not giving away money.

Private And Private Sector In Economic Development Economics Essay

Private And Private Sector In Economic Development Economics Essay The private sector is one of the dominant features in developing the country and also regarded as the major engine of growth and seen as the driving force behind employment growth, which is expected to generate increased levels of productive employment to absorb the rapidly growing labor force. Given this strategic importance of the private sector in generating employment opportunities, the sectors role and relevance are examined in detail. After the 6th FYP Plan period (1987-92), the Royal Government of Bhutan (RGoB) has privatized the most of the holdings of public sector enterprises and the liberalization of the Foreign Direct Investment has taken an extensive reforms in the financial sector which include the removal of restriction in foreign exchange on current account payments and transfers; liberalization of interest rate and establishment of stock exchange, also adaptation of legal industrial policies for the long term objective withdrawing from the commercially viable areas of economy. The total GDP growth accelerated to 6.7 percent during 2009 and per capita GDP income was recorded at USD 1,852 (Nu.83.340). In 2010 Bhutans GDP was at Nu. 61,223.5 millions with GDP Per Capita of Nu. 89,639.1 with an increase of Nu 6299 over preceding years despite numerous problem faced by the public and private sector. The public sector growth increases 15.5% in 2001 and decreases drastically to -35.3% in 2003. The reasons for decreasing the growth of public sector were in December 15, 2003 when the Royal Bhutan Army launched a crack-down anti India militants camping almost 12 years in Bhutan. The growth rate of public sector to 41.5% in 2006 was because of the road widening of national highway and many developmental activities. Of total employment 60% are employed in private sector and rest 40% are in public sector. The total 60000 formal sector jobs, it is estimated that 50 percent are held by non-nationals (30000 non-national workers are employed in the private sector). Introduction Bhutan, a small democratic constitutional monarchy has a population of less than 700,000 and being one of the least developed economies in the world is largely agrarian country. After what we called a globalization, the most craving forces to have arisen the history of mankind, Bhutan is facing one of the major challenges in the modern era. The government is trying to privatize the industry and the sector changes from the primarily agrarian to the secondary and tertiary sector. During the 6th Plan period (1987-92), the private sector development was given as the main objective of planned development activities to support private enterprises. Since then, the Royal Government of Bhutan (RGoB) had privatized the most of the holdings of public sector enterprises such as tourism sector, transportation services, and maintenance and road infrastructure. Further it has corporatized airline, telecommunication, media, and postal services. Also the liberalization of the Foreign Direct Investment and had taken an extensive reforms in the financial sector which include the removal of restriction in foreign exchange on current account payments and transfers; liberalization of interest rate and establishment of stock. Throughout the assignment emphasis are given on meaning and role of public and private sector. The indicator of economic development, contribution of public and private sector contribution towards Gross National Product (GNI) of Bhutan, employment generation and some of the constraint faced face by the private and public sector in Bhutan. Definition of private and public sector Private sector Private sectors are those sectors which are owned by the individual or group of people whose benefit are consumed individually, those who are willing to pay and their sole objective as profit maximization. In other words private sectors are those firms and households owned by an individual for the personal benefits of the private individual [every citizen]. (Wilson Clark, p.76). In order to develop private sector though private sector development committee was formed in 2000 and reconstituted in 2009, still the government controls and regulate private sector development, thus due to the excessive regulation and unprotected economy has failed to grow the private sector in economy. (Metha, 2009, p: 11). Public sector The public sector is also a part of an economy of a country that is usually owned by the society and operated for the benefit of the whole country [society as a whole]. The public sector generally consists of federal, state, local and public institutions. Their core interest is about giving the facilities that can enjoy by the general public which are not given by the private sector such as road for the wellbeing of the citizens of the country, (Wilson Clark, p.76). In another terms it is define as an economy of a country where there is no rival in consumption and exclusion from the benefits such as road, school etc. History of private and public sector development in Bhutan The private sector in Bhutan although expanded rapidly over the last four decades yet, it is still relatively small and underdeveloped. During the 6th Plan period (1987-92), the private sector development was given as the main objective of planned development activities to support private enterprises. Since then, the RGoB has privatized the most of the holdings of public sector enterprises such as tourism sector, transportation services, maintenance and road infrastructure. Further it has corporatized airline, telecommunication, media, and postal services. Also the liberalization of the Foreign Direct Investment and had taken an extensive reforms in the financial sector which include the removal of restriction in foreign exchange on current account payments and transfers; liberalization of interest rate and establishment of stock exchange. RGOB also created business friendly environment which ejects private sector development with adaptation of legal industrial policies for the long term objective withdrawing from the commercially viable areas of economy to the provision of basic social and infrastructures facilities. Private sector in Bhutan, its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) share is less than 50 %, as construction sector contributing closely to one-fifth of GDP. But much of the GDP shares are derives from public sector such as hydropower. The total revenue generated over the last five year by the formal private sector it generated between 7% and 10%. And estimated employment in private sector was from 1 to 8% of the total population. In mid-2003, a total of 32,035 licenses were issued for commercial activities. Out of which included 17,725 trade licenses, 9,102 construction contractor licenses, 4,478 service-based licenses and 730 licenses in manufacturing. Based on the number of licensed private sector enterprises, more than 90% of licensed commercial entities are micro and small enterprises, with only limited number of medium-sized enterprises, (RGoB, p;74-75). By the end of the 10th FYP private sector is expected to take up the major commercial activities, remaining government as regulator of private sector and facilitate the development of private sector. (Ministry of Economic Affairs, 2010). Indicators of economic development The Economic indicators for Bhutan are as mentioned below. Literacy Rate The progress, development and growth of any country depend to a large extent on the quality and trained manpower available in different areas. Education contributes its vital inputs in the growth and prosperity of nation; in fact it is a backbone of every nation. Therefore, higher standard of education and literacy rate and the socio economic progress of the country move in parallel for the better understanding and the best development of the country. GDP Per Capita Gross domestic product (GDP) is defined as the total value of output of final goods and services produced within the domestic territory of a given country during the fiscal year. It is obtained through dividing constant price GDP by the total population of the country. According to labor data, Bhutans real GDP growth accelerated to 6.7 percent during 2009 and per capita GDP income was recorded at USD 1,852 (Nu.83.340). In 2010 Bhutans GDP was at Nu. 61,223.5 millions with GDP Per Capita of Nu. 89,639.1 With an increase of Nu 6299 (Bhutan 2010, Data Sheet). Yet if examine the below table 1, the real GDP growth rate in 2005 was 7% and drastically increased to 19.7% in 2007 as the secondary sector rose from 33.7% in 2005 to 43% in 2007 which is almost 10% from the preceding year. Contribution of the tertiary sector towards GDP decreased till 2007 and then increased but the secondary sector reflects the growth over the years which clearly shows an increase or gradual shift in the sector from primary to secondary sector and are mainly due the hydro power and the employment opportunities in the secondary sector. It also indicates the growth of economy of the country. Table; 1 Economic Indicators of the year 2005-2008 sector wise GDP Economic Indicator 2005 2006 2007 2008 GDP in current market price(NU in Million) 35496.9 3957.3 49381.7 54149.9 GDP in current market price(million in US $) 804.9 873.5 1192.8 1244.8 GNI/GNP in current price (million in Nu.) 34956.1 39670.0 49166.2 53010.6 Real GDP growth rate (%) 7.0 6.4 19.7 5.0 Implicit GDP deflator 125.0 130.6 136.6 142.5 Exchange rate (calendar)Nu/Us$ 44.1 45.3 41.4 43.5 Share to GDP by major sector in % Primary 24.0 24.4 20.6 21.2 Secondary 33.7 33.7 43.3 39.1 Tertiary 42.3 41.9 37.1 39.7 Source; National Accounts 2000-2008(2009, p.6) 3. Life Expectancy Life expectancy is one of the indicators of the economic development as the life expectancy and economic development is directly related. Higher the life expectancy means well developed economy of the country. Thus, the economic development includes life expectancy, basic health facilities, or amenities of life. With regards to Bhutan 2010, Data Sheet, the overall life expectancy is 68.9, for male and female life expectancy is 68.4 and 69.4 respectively, so it clearly indicates as an instrumental role in the economic development of a country. 4. Balance of Payment. The balance of payment indicates the growth of economy of a country which the revenue earned is more than the current expenditure, known as positive and vice versa. If the BOP is positive, definitely it brings the economic development and negative slow down the growth. 5. Measures of poverty The measure taken to eradicate the poverty helps economy of a country to grow stronger and is also one of the main objectives of 10th FYP to eradicate poverty below 15% by the end of the FYP. As suggested by the National Statistical Bureau, person should earn about minimum of Nu 1096.94 as their monthly salary in which Nu 867 must be food expenditure and the rest expenditure on other than food. The poverty rate in Bhutan has decreased from 31.7 percent to 23.2 percent in 2004 to 2007. (Poverty Analysis, 2007). The role of Public sector Capital formation The sector also helps in the formation of capital in a way that revenue earned will add to the Gross capital of the country there by increasing the capital formation and indirectly increases the per capita income of an individual. For example, the revenue earned through hydro power will increase the revenue base of the country and also a main revenue contributor in Bhutan. Balance regional development In public sector whose benefits are collectively consumed and there is no rival in consumption, their services like transportation, education, electricity, health facilities are for the general public so there is less regional disparity. Furthermore the balance and equitable development is one of the pillars of Gross National Happiness, a guiding philosophy of development, so there is less disparity. Redistribution of income Most of the employment opportunities are given by the public sector and also increases the marginal propensity to save by the different societies of economy as it provides the social welfare, equal opportunities there by increasing average disposable income minimizing the income disparity between poor and rich. Poverty reduction and living standard Public sector mainly focuses on the social welfare providing basic amenities of life such as rural safe drinking water schemes, public health facilities etc. This increases the life expectancy of people employment opportunities would raises the income of individual in the society. 5 Increase social welfare. The public sector basically focuses for providing the social welfare of the different economy class of people be it rural or urban by providing social services like communication service, transportation, electricity safe drinking water, sanitation etc, thus increasing the social welfare of general public. Contribution of public and private sector towards GDP (GNI) of Bhutan The GDP is also one of the capital formations of the country and are calculated early in the country. The GDP of a country is can be defined as the value of all final goods and services that are produced by normal residents of a country in fiscal year. The table below shows the GDP contribution by major private and public sector in Bhutan. Table No. 2: Gross Domestic Capital Formation at Constant price (Nu. in million). Year Capital formation of private sector Capital formation of public sector Growth rate of private sector Growth rate of Public sector 2000 6785.5 3080.1 0.0 0.0 2001 9802 3556.4 44.5 15.5 2002 11709.2 4095.7 19.5 15.2 2003 14258.2 2647.9 21.8 -35.3 2004 16842.3 3236 18.1 22.2 2005 14904.6 3669.7 -11.5 13.4 2006 13524.1 5193 -9.3 41.5 2007 13235.4 6302.4 -2.1 21.4 2008 14435.3 6729.2 9.1 6.8 2009 18263 7038.2 26.5 4.6 Source: National Accounts Statistics, 2009 The above table 2 represents the gross Domestic capital formation in the year of 2000 to 2009. Keeping base year as 2000, it is calculated the percentage of growth rate of public and private sector. The above table 2 is explained with the help of following graph 1. Graph 1; Growth of capital formation of private and public sector at current prices. The private sector overall growth is highest was in 2001 with44.5% and the negative growth was in 2005 with -11.5%, this negative growth was because of the natural calamities that results in slow down of the private sector. In the above graph the public sector growth increases 15.5% in 2001 and decreases drastically to -35.3% in 2003. The main reasons for decreasing the growth of public sector were in December 15, 2003 when the Royal Bhutan Army launched a crack-down anti India militants camping almost 12 years in Bhutan. The gradual growth rate of public sector to 41.5% in 2006 was because of the road widening of national highway from Paro to Thimphu, Phuntsholing to Thimphu and Samdrup jongkhar to Trashigang. Employment contribution from both sectors The agriculture sector is one of the main sources livelihoods as 79% of total population are dependent on agriculture and are residing in countryside. In 2007 the employment contributed by agriculture was 64.2% out of 7.8% arable land. In the 9th Five Year Plan the total work force is around 60,000 persons out of which 30,000 are non-nationals and majority of them are employed in the construction activities. To create employment opportunities for the increasingly literate workforce in private sector has been Royal government major priority and issue of the Ninth Five Year Plan. (http//:www.org.bt/constructionsector.php). The following table shows the employment contribution made by both sector of the economy in 2010. Table3: The number of persons employed by type of enterprise Sector Number of persons employed Government 49,900 Public corporation 10,500 Private corporation 8500 Armed forces 4900 Private Business 66,000 Agriculture farming 180,200 NGO/INGO 1000 Total 320900 Source: Labor force survey 2010 From the table above we can conclude that almost 60 percent of the total work force is engaged in private sector and remaining 40 percent of the total labor force in public sector. We can also draw that the majority of population (1.80, 200) are engaged in agricultural farming, followed by the private business (66,000) and governments mostly civil servant (49, 900). Difficulties of Private Sectors and public Sectors The major difficulties face by the private and public sector are mainly due to difficult in access to land, skilled labor, tax policies labor shortage, financial system in Bhutan and some of them are listed below: Underdeveloped Infrastructure The lack of infrastructure is the main problem in the promotion of private sector in Bhutan, despite the tremendous construction of infrastructure and expansion of the road network since the inception of the first FYP till date. More than 50 percent of population has excess to motor able road but due to steep terrain within the relatively young and unstable Himalayan mountain range makes the cost of road construction and maintenance very difficult, in subject to frequent landslides especially during the monsoon seasons. Inefficient Human Resources. Despite the differences in opinion, faith, diversity and disparities in working methodologies Bhutan lack in the skill base of human resources and have limited number of technically trained people ( skilled labor) in field which has forced our private sector and public sector in an infant stage, since half of the population are illiterate (59.5%). Lack of entrepreneurial culture and skills Entrepreneurial skills and business knowledge is most important and are fundamental in development of private sector which most of Bhutanese lack in this field since most of the citizens are afraid of taking risk and do not look for long term benefits. Lack of Market Due to lack of advanced technology and machinery the cost of production are high and are difficult to find market outside the country or lack of efficient market to absorb domestically produced goods is problem in Bhutan. Therefore it always has been slowing down economy to progress. Financial in Adequacy Most of the development activities of private and public sector are done through external grants and loans as well as donations. It is very difficult to finance through domestic finance because the profit earned by the public sector are barely enough to make to upgrade the economy activities of the country. Conclusion The development of economy started in 1960s and after the commencement of 1st Five Year Plan Bhutanese economy experienced the considerable achievement of planned economic. Over the last 50 years of planned socio-economic development, it has brought about significant structural changes in the economy progressing towards secondary and tertiary sectors from primary sector including both private and public sector. This structural changes are brought down by the privatization of public sector to the private sector, thus accelerating the average annual growth rate of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) through an increased of production and tax base contribution by the private sector to the government after 6th Five Year Plan. As developing country, there is less number of capable people to operate private business and organizations which slows down our economic growth due to inefficient performance like lack of efficient human capital, market, infrastructure, financial support and excessive regulation the government. Therefore, it recommended that government and private individual to install new machinery rather than focusing on the old installed machinery. Also giving opportunities to train our human resource outside the country and share their views and ideas. Signing bilateral trade agreement with developing partners will help to overcome problem of market and setting up commercial banks to provide long term loans to the private or the public sector and existing commercial banks to provide loan at affordable interest rate will help in achieving the role private and public sector in economic development of the country. In order to develop private sector government must liberalize the tax, revising the existing policies, plans which will help the private sector to grow and also minimizing the regulation setup by the government.

The Pritting Press Essay -- essays research papers

In 1440 a man by the man of Johannes Gutenberg invented movable type, or as we know it, a printing press. Prior to 1440 everything read in Europe was copied by hand or copied from wooden blocks carved from hand. This was very expensive and time consuming. The only people who were literate were those of the church and a small percentage of nobility. Since the printing press came out, how would this effect European culture and the way things worked?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The printing press had many effects on Europe. Very few peasants could read and besides that there wasn’t much to read but scriptures. The things that were being read were hand written and of course this took a long time and so not many people wanted to take the time to do it. Monks spent there days and nights copying and writing scriptures in solitude. At the time Latin was the only language the bible was written in, this was about to change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The time the printing press was invented was the era of the Renaissance. The Renaissance era is known for inventions and art and new ideas. The printing press was just one of the many inventions that came out of the Renaissance era. I believe this to be one of the biggest inventions to come out around this time because it changed everything and the way we read now. I am sure that someone else later would have thought of this but for the time if brought on new ideas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some of the ideas that came about we...

Sexism: Modern Day Society Essay example -- Gender Studies

The horror movie clichà © has a vast amount of stereotypical archetypes such as the dumb jock, the promiscuous female, the geek, and the innocent virgin. There are plenty of more archetypes that are on the protagonist side and as well as the antagonist side of the story. Of course in horror movies the antagonist archetype is the slow-walking, super-human and/or creature-like monster that usually wins a running race against their prey except is killed ultimately by the innocent virgin. There are movies in the past, present and likely future that will always contain these archetype characters because we have them in every aspect of life. On a daily basis, fictional horror movie killers wearing masks, like Jason Vorhees and Michael Meyers, will not be roaming around at home and/or work, every day or ever, but we will always have some type of stereotypical situation happen in one fashion or another. Female archetypes, or stereotypes, that plague movies of all genres are still present i n modern day Hollywood. This is just one example of how sexism is still a hot-topic. In the office, hospital, department store or any other place of business or pleasure are examples of common possible locations that can spurt a lot of sexist occurrences. Depending on an individual’s background (age, sex, race, etc.) there will always be a philosophical issue among gender roles and what is deemed socially correct. Human resources are a group of people that is present in all places of business. They are the people that run a company, business or in a global-scale, the economy. A portion of that same group of working people is human resource management that oversees the organization. This is one example parallelism to how the world works in certain places... ....† Retrieved from http://www.gendercide.org/case_infanticide.html Jones, A. (2004). Gendercide and genocide. (pp. 12-20). Ohio University, OH: Ohio University Press. Joyce, K., Sharlet, J. (2007). â€Å"Hillary’s prayer: Hillary clinton’s religion and politics†. Mother Jones. Retrieved from http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2007/09/hillarys-prayer-hillary-clintons-religion-and-politics Lerner, G. (1994). The creation of patriarchy. (1 ed., Vol. 1). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Nelson, V. S. (1978). Infanticide and the value of life. (pp. 100-105). Buffalo, NY: Wiley Subscription Services. Silvestre, J. (2000). The rise of women leaders in philippines: A study of corazon aquino and gloria macapagal-arroyo. The Rise of Women Leaders, 165-177. Wellington, S. W. (1996). Women in corporate leadership: Progress and prospects. What's Holding Women Back, 36-43.

How Biographical Traits of Individuals Affect Organizational Performanc

How Biographical Traits of Individuals Affect Organizational Performance To study the organization behavior, that is to study the people who form the organization. The success of an organization rests on the characteristics of its people. Successful managers can observe the employees’ behavior to understand their individual characteristics, which helps to improve the employees’ performance. Therefore, the performance of employees is directly related to their biographical characteristics and abilities. These factors affect employees’ interaction with others and reaction to various situations in the workplace. Then how these characteristics affect organizational performance? To learn about this, we should first know what biographical characteristics are. Biographical characteristics are personal characteristics—such as age, gender, and marital status—that are objective and easily obtained from personnel records. Let’s take a look at the first characteristic—age. The issue about age and performance is quite controversial. When we consider this aspect, the thought that aged-old workers have lower level of performance may easily and firstly come into mind. Is that true? In some work field, the answer is to some extend yes. People’s physical condition is inevitably degenerating when they are aging old. They do no have as much energy as the young have in everyday time. For example, does a tourist company manager would like to recruit a tourist guide wh... How Biographical Traits of Individuals Affect Organizational Performanc How Biographical Traits of Individuals Affect Organizational Performance To study the organization behavior, that is to study the people who form the organization. The success of an organization rests on the characteristics of its people. Successful managers can observe the employees’ behavior to understand their individual characteristics, which helps to improve the employees’ performance. Therefore, the performance of employees is directly related to their biographical characteristics and abilities. These factors affect employees’ interaction with others and reaction to various situations in the workplace. Then how these characteristics affect organizational performance? To learn about this, we should first know what biographical characteristics are. Biographical characteristics are personal characteristics—such as age, gender, and marital status—that are objective and easily obtained from personnel records. Let’s take a look at the first characteristic—age. The issue about age and performance is quite controversial. When we consider this aspect, the thought that aged-old workers have lower level of performance may easily and firstly come into mind. Is that true? In some work field, the answer is to some extend yes. People’s physical condition is inevitably degenerating when they are aging old. They do no have as much energy as the young have in everyday time. For example, does a tourist company manager would like to recruit a tourist guide wh...

Development of Anna Fitzgerald Character Essay

Adolescence development relies upon many factors. In order to accurately examine its growth, it is useful to look at some developmental theories. Anna Fitzgerald is thirteen years old; however, she is not like any other teenager with some ordinary problems. Anna was born for a specific purpose she was born to save her sister’s life and to serve as a matched tissue donor. When Anna was born, her umbilical cord was collected and since then she was constantly donating blood, stem cells or bone marrow. That resulted in her undergoing more serious and risky procedures. But when she reaches the age 13, she is being told to donate one of her kidneys. Aware of the fact that she was conceived to be a perfect match and ongoing donor for her sister, she wants to have the chance of living her own life. This is when Anna decides to hire a lawyer and to sue her parents to be â€Å"medically emancipated† from her family. Because she loves her sister unconditionally, Anna struggles with her decision. Developmental theories of Piaget, Ericson, Marcia and Freud are very useful, in order to examine the development of Anna Fitzgerald, the character from â€Å"My Sister’s Keeper†. Nature vs. nurture is the first theory that can be applied to Anna’s life. Nature refers to the human biological inheritance and nurture to the environmental experience (Santrock, MacKenzie-Rivers, Malcomson & Leung, 2011). Since she was born for a specific purpose, her parents had already planned her future. To some point of her life, Anna felt it was normal to be a donor and to be in the hospital three to four days a week. Whenever her sister had an emergency, Anna had to be present. The environment Anna lives in is unusual for a teenager. Anna thinks of herself as a total freak. As it is common for teenagers to complain about her look, she states that God must have had some sort of a moody day on her birthday. She sees a big picture of her household. She knows that the environment which she was born in, did not allow her to be a kid. She had to mature fast and act as an adult. It is clear that Anna is going through identity crisis of moratorium. Moratorium stage according to James Marcia is defined by individual exploring different possibilities, yet not being ready to make a commitment to one. In Anna’s case she had plenty of ideas who she would like to be. When asked by her lawyer, where she sees herself in ten years period, she responds: â€Å"There was a time when, like Kate, I’d wanted to be a ballerina. But since then I’ve gone through a thousand different stages: I wanted to be an astronaut. I wanted to be a paleontologist. I wanted to be a backup singer for Aretha Franklin, a member of the Cabinet, a Yellowstone National Park ranger. Now, based on the day, I sometimes want to be a microsurgeon, a poet, a ghost hunter† (Picoult, 2004, p. 412). What strikes the most in her young, yet mature personality is that in ten years period, she would like to be Kate’s sister. Based on Piaget operational stage theory, Anna is clearly capable of using abstract thought. Abstract thought is an adolescence possibility to think outside of the box and see likely outcomes and consequences. Anna knew exactly that by starting the lawsuit, she has a chance of wining the right to decide for her own. Deep inside her, she still wants to help her sister, but knowing the fact that she cannot make her own decisions, made her to go to the extreme and sue her own parents. She is aware of the fact that her decision may have a huge impact on her sister’s life. Perhaps, she will die; however, she is looking at the long term goal. How is the transplant going to affect her life? Is she going to be able to function normally? What if something goes wrong? All this questions were building up inside of her head and did not want to stop. This process of thoughts indicated her ability to think logically by looking at cons and pros of her situation. Based on Ericson psychosocial developmental theory, Anna is going through identity vs. role confusion stage. She is confused of her role in the family. Often reflecting of who she is, and what is the purpose of her life, besides being a perfect match for her sick sister. Anna once said: â€Å"I used to pretend that I was just passing through this family on my way to my real one† (Picoult, 2004, p. 49). This shows how confused she is in terms of her life. Furthermore, this identity confusion grows into her even more upon receiving a long awaited letter of acceptance, into a two weeks hockey summer camp. She is not allowed to go because of her sister’s condition. There is a big chance of Kate going into some health crisis while Anna is gone. It is a difficult time for a thirteen year old girl who is full of energy and is not being able to be just an ordinary adolescence. One can also relate Freud’s theory of development to Anna. The id is one of the structures of human personality. It operates on principles of pleasure and immediate satisfaction regardless of societal rules or other surrounding context (Santrock, MacKenzie-Rivers, Malcomson & Leung, 2011). Anna’s id arises from her frustration to all medical treatments which are done in order to save her older sister, Kate. Frustration is added by her mother who pushes her to donate the kidney for Kate. Yet, from the start of the novel Anna knows the reality which she refuses to face, as result of her inner id: â€Å"On other hand, I was born for specific purpose†¦ I was born because a scientist managed to hook up my mother’s eggs and my father’s sperm to create a specific combination of precious genetic material†¦ specifically, because I could save my sister, Kateâ€Å"(Picoult, 2004, p. 7-8). This inner id, pushes her to rebel against her parents wishes, and results in Anna seeing a lawyer to help her end the suffering and release her from the heavy responsibility towards her sister. This unconscious part of her personality resurfaced, in her reply to the lawyer, when she says: â€Å"Because, she says simply, it never stops† (Picoult, 2004, p. 22). Some may find this very selfish, with total neglect for her sister’s future well being. It results in confrontation with her mother, who tries to make her realize â€Å"You went to a lawyer and made him think is all about you – and it’s not. It’s about us. All of us –â€Å"(Picoult, 2004, p. 54). Thus, her id rises up and does not care if it destroys other people – parents, brother and her sister. In Anna’s case her id prevails over ego. The ego is supposed to negotiate a compromise between her id, current reality and constraints. Anna feels some guilt, as her ego makes her think over and ask herself about her decision regarding kidney. â€Å"I started thinking about this. Would I have to be in the hospital? Would it hurt? Could people live with just one kidney? What if I wound up with kidney failure when I was, like, seventy? Where would I get my spare?†(Picoult, 2004, p.377). Anna’s superego, is supposed to be her moral guide, conscience to do the right thing. It rises up, specifically, when Anna looks at Kate who is becoming weaker and sicker than before and worries about her future and a possibility of her dying. â€Å"What do you think is the best way to die? I don’t want to talk about this, I said. Why? I’m dying. You’re dying. When I frowned, she said, Well, you are. The she grinned. I just happen to be more gifted at it than y ou are†¦ †¦You know, normal people don’t sit around thinking about dying. Liar. Everyone thinks about dying. Everyone thinks about you dying I said. The room went so still†¦ Then a twitchy smile crossed her face. Well, Kate said, at least now you’re telling the truth† (Picoult, 2004, p. 134-135). From this quote it is clear than Anna has difficulty hearing things from Kate, and that her superego is present and possibly regretting the lawsuit action. Perhaps, this is what prompted Anna, to write in her diary that in case of her death, she wants all of her organs to be donated to Kate. In the end, Anna has a car accident and dies, the lawyer who has won the case and got power of attorney, decides to honor Anna’s last wishes: â€Å"I have power of attorney for Anna, he explains, not her parents. And there is a girl upstairs who needs the kidney† (Picoult, 2004, p. 416). Anna’s life ends up tragically. One can assume that she fulfilled her purpos e in her short life, she saved her sister. Since Anna was born, she was a regular donor to her sister. One can observe it as continuity vs. discontinuity development. â€Å"The first time I gave something to my sister, it was a cord blood, and I was a newborn†¦ The next time she relapsed, I was five and I had lymphocytes drawn from me, three times over, because the doctors never seemed to get enough of them the first time around. When that stopped working, they took bone marrow for a transplant. When Kate got infections, I had to donate granulocytes. When she relapsed again, I had to donate peripheral stem cells† (Picoult, 2004, p. 21). One can explain continuity as a process involving a gradual accumulation of behavior or knowledge. Anna, throughout her short life was exposed to medical procedure, terms and responsibilities from the moment of her birth. She was growing up among those circumstances and she never got a chance to be a kid. She had to mature faster. Even her vocabulary was unusual for a thirteen years old girl. In his mind, her lawyer thought â€Å"This girl’s medical vocabulary would put some of my paid experts to shame† (Picoult, 2004, p. 21). Discontinuity is defined as a passing through life stages in a qualitative way. Since Anna’s character is presented just as she is thirteen years old, one can assume that for her to be able to think abstractly, indeed she was at concrete thinking stage in her earlier age. Anna would go through many different stages, perhaps having her case won; she would still donate her kidney. Anna’s life ends abruptly in a car accident. The logical sequence of life is death but to Anna it was way too early. In conclusion, Piaget, Ericson, Marcia and Freud theories were helpful to examine Anna development by using the appropriate key issues. Based on their theories, it is clear to observe Anna’s life and struggles that she is going through. The young age was not an obstacle to deal with some serious adult problems to which Anna was exposed to from an early age. Throughout the story she has dilemmas concerning her sister’s life. By combining the work of these theorists, it was possible to analyze her life from psychological perspective. References Keenan, T. (2011). Developmental psychology lecture. Intro To Developmental Psychology. Niagara Collage. Welland, Ontario, Canada Keenan, T. (2011). Developmental psychology lecture. Theories of Development. Niagara Collage. Welland, Ontario, Canada Keenan, T. (2011). Developmental psychology lecture. Adolescence. Niagara Collage. Welland, Ontario, Canada Picoult, J. (2004). My sister’s keeper. New York, NY: Atria Books. Santrock, J. W., MacKenzie-Rivers, A., Malcomson, T., & Leung, K. H. (2011). Life-span development. (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.